Cancer Biology Quiz

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What suffix is used to denote a benign neoplasm?

-itis

-oma (correct)

-sarcoma

-carcinoma

Which of the following is an example of a benign mesenchymal neoplasm?

Carcinoma

Melanoma

Fibrosarcoma

Osteoma (correct)

What type of malignant neoplasm arises from mesenchymal tissues?

Adenoma

Fibroma

Carcinoma

Sarcoma (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with malignant cells?

Uniform nuclear size Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neoplasms is incorrectly classified as malignant?

Dermatofibroma Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the variation in size and shape of nuclei from cell to cell in cancer cells?

Anisokaryosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for dedifferentiation of normal cells during tumorigenesis?

Anaplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes abnormal mitotic figures?

Abnormalities in cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a neoplasm?

An abnormal mass of tissue with unregulated growth Signup and view all the answers

What are oncogenes?

Mutated genes that cause uncontrolled cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is a proto-oncogene?

A gene that regulates normal cell growth and can mutate into an oncogene Signup and view all the answers

Which factor underlies the persistence of tumors?

Autonomous genetic alterations in tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statements describes carcinogenesis?

Environmental agents can cause genetic damage leading to cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of oncogenes formation?

Mutations in proto-oncogenes Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nonlethal genetic damage' signify in cancer development?

Mutations that can lead to malignant transformations over time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of oncogenes?

Normal cellular division processes Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumors are formed by the clonal expansion of a single precursor cell?

Monoclonal tumors Signup and view all the answers

Which class of genes primarily inhibits cell growth?

Tumor suppressor genes Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a tumor that does not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize?

Benign tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic behavior of malignant tumors?

They can spread to distant sites. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a target gene class related to tumor formation?

Genes involved in blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the key process in carcinogenesis?

Multistep genetic damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about benign tumors is true?

They can cause serious disease despite being localized. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe malignant tumors collectively?

Cancers Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is primarily produced by T cells?

Cell-mediated immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which cells play a significant protective role against virus-associated neoplasms?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about antibodies in tumor immunity is true?

They are ineffective against spontaneous tumors. Signup and view all the answers

What concept was coined by Lewis Thomas and Macfarlane Burnet regarding tumor immunity?

Immune surveillance Signup and view all the answers

Natural killer (NK) cells are known for their ability to do what?

Act as the first line of defense against tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of anti-tumor immunity in vivo?

Cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

What role do activated macrophages play in tumor immunity?

They exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do tumor cells typically avoid detection by the immune system?

By developing mechanisms to escape immune recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the transfer of malignant cells from one site to another not directly connected with it?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typically associated with benign neoplasms in terms of differentiation?

Well differentiated Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant neoplasms generally grow compared to benign neoplasms?

They grow rapidly and at an erratic pace Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a step in the mechanism of tumor invasion?

Embolization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neoplasms is unlikely to metastasize?

Basal cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What describes the state of malignant cells that lack differentiation?

Anaplastic Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in the growth rate of malignant neoplasms compared to benign neoplasms?

Malignant neoplasms grow more rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of malignant neoplasms distinguishes them from benign neoplasms in terms of local invasion?

Infiltrate and destroy surrounding tissue Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cachexia from starvation in terms of weight loss?

Equal loss of fat and lean muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the innate immune system?

To act rapidly against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the innate immune system?

B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

It develops memory against specific pathogens Signup and view all the answers

The components of the immune system work together to identify and eliminate foreign invaders by recognizing what?

Self and non-self Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by being present from birth?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for the adaptive immune response?

T and B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a pathogen breaches the innate defenses?

The adaptive immune system becomes activated Signup and view all the answers