Cancer Biology Quiz

<p>Uniform nuclear size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatofibroma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anisokaryosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormalities in cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abnormal mass of tissue with unregulated growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutated genes that cause uncontrolled cell growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that regulates normal cell growth and can mutate into an oncogene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomous genetic alterations in tumor cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental agents can cause genetic damage leading to cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations in proto-oncogenes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations that can lead to malignant transformations over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal cellular division processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoclonal tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor suppressor genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benign tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can spread to distant sites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes involved in blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multistep genetic damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause serious disease despite being localized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are ineffective against spontaneous tumors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune surveillance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as the first line of defense against tumors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By developing mechanisms to escape immune recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well differentiated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They grow rapidly and at an erratic pace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embolization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaplastic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malignant neoplasms grow more rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltrate and destroy surrounding tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal loss of fat and lean muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act rapidly against pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It develops memory against specific pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self and non-self (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T and B lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adaptive immune system becomes activated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal tissue mass that grows uncontrollably, independent of normal tissue growth signals.

Mutated genes that promote excessive cell growth, leading to cancer.

Normal genes responsible for cell growth and division.

The process of cancer development.

Mutations that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.

Substances like chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents that can cause genetic damage.

A mass of tissue that can be cancerous or non-cancerous.

Growth independent of normal signals like hormones, that regulates the growth of cells in a normal body.

Tumors arise from the uncontrolled growth and division of a single, damaged cell.

A non-cancerous tumor that stays localized and rarely spreads.

A cancerous tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

An umbrella term for malignant tumors.

A tumor that arises from a single progenitor cell.

A tumor that arises from multiple progenitor cells.

The suffix '-oma' indicates a benign tumor.

Benign tumors originating from connective tissues like muscle, bone, fat, and cartilage are named based on the tissue type with '-oma' added.

Benign tumors from glandular epithelium are called 'adenomas', breast tumors are 'fibroadenomas', and smooth muscle tumors are 'leiomyomas'.

A malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues.

A malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells, derived from any of the three germ layers.

The ratio of the size of the nucleus to the size of the cytoplasm in a cell. It's increased in malignant cells.

Increased density of the chromatin in the nucleus of a cell, often observed in malignant cells.

Variation in the size and shape of nuclei from cell to cell, a characteristic of cancer cells.

The spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body.

Metastasis is the most reliable sign of malignancy.

The loss of differentiation in cells, making them more primitive and abnormal. This is often seen in malignant tumors.

The degree to which cancer cells resemble the normal cells of their origin. Well-differentiated tumors are closer to normal cells.

Benign tumors typically grow slowly, while malignant tumors tend to grow rapidly and sometimes erratically.

The ability of a tumor to spread into surrounding tissues, which is more common in malignant tumors.

A group of abnormal cells confined to the original location where they formed, without invading surrounding tissue.

Malignant cells release enzymes like collagenase type IV and other proteases that break down the basement membrane, allowing invasion.

A complex syndrome characterized by severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and loss of appetite, often associated with chronic diseases like cancer.

The size and extent of a tumor, reflecting the amount of cancerous tissue present in the body.

The study of the body's immune system, encompassing the molecules, cells, organs, and systems involved in defending against pathogens.

The ability of the body to resist infection and disease, protecting against harmful microorganisms.

The innate immune system, present at birth, providing a first line of defense against pathogens with general mechanisms.

The adaptive immune system, developing over time, providing a targeted and specific defense against pathogens with memory.

The acquired immune system that develops over time and specifically targets pathogens, relying on T and B lymphocytes.

The natural immune system that provides the first line of defense, acting immediately and non-specifically.

The body's natural defense mechanism that identifies and eliminates emerging cancer cells.

The primary anti-tumor mechanism where immune cells directly attack and destroy cancer cells.

A type of immune cell that directly kills cancer cells, especially those infected by viruses.

Immune cells that can kill cancer cells without prior sensitization, acting as the first line of defense.

Immune cells that engulf and destroy cancer cells, often activated by other immune cells like T cells and NK cells.

Highly specific antibodies produced in the lab that can target cancer cells for destruction.

Strategies used by tumor cells to avoid detection and destruction by the immune system.

The body's ability to recognize and respond to cancer cells.