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Questions and Answers
What defines a malignant tumor?
What defines a malignant tumor?
- It is always localized with no potential for growth.
- It does not spread to other parts of the body.
- It is a result of normal cell division.
- It affects surrounding cells and can spread. (correct)
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
- A disease that spreads uncontrollably within the body.
- A process where cells grow abnormally.
- The programmed cell death mechanism. (correct)
- The abnormal division of chromosomes.
Nondisjunction is best described as what?
Nondisjunction is best described as what?
- The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis. (correct)
- The separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
- A type of cancer affecting cellular division.
- The programmed cell death of damaged cells.
Which procedure involves sampling amniotic fluid for tests?
Which procedure involves sampling amniotic fluid for tests?
What is the primary mechanism that allows cancer cells to spread throughout the body?
What is the primary mechanism that allows cancer cells to spread throughout the body?
Which condition is associated with having an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Which condition is associated with having an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Which of the following is a cognitive effect associated with Turner syndrome?
Which of the following is a cognitive effect associated with Turner syndrome?
Chorionic villus sampling is primarily used for what purpose?
Chorionic villus sampling is primarily used for what purpose?
Flashcards
Cancer
Cancer
A disease where cells grow uncontrollably and spread.
Tumor
Tumor
A swelling caused by abnormal tissue growth, which can be benign or malignant.
Benign tumor
Benign tumor
A tumor that does not spread and does not affect surrounding cells.
Malignant tumor
Malignant tumor
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Metastasis
Metastasis
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Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis
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Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
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Study Notes
Cancer
- Cancer is a disease where some body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
- Tumors are swellings, often caused by abnormal tissue growth.
- Benign tumors do not spread.
- Malignant tumors spread to different parts of the body (metastasis).
- Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
Genetic Disorders Associated with Meiosis
- Nondisjunction: Chromosomes or chromatids fail to separate during meiosis.
- Turner Syndrome: Affects females; characterized by missing or partially missing X chromosomes. Symptoms include short stature, webbed neck, low hairline, broad chest, etc.
- Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21): Results in an extra chromosome (autosome), sometimes with an extra piece of a chromosome. Symptoms include flattened facial profile, almond-shaped eyes, and intellectual disability.
- Klinefelter Syndrome: Affects males; characterized by an extra X chromosome. Symptoms include tall stature, long legs, small testes, gynecomastia, and reduced testosterone.
- Trisomy X: Affects females; characterized by an extra X chromosome in every cell. Symptoms may be mild, or not noticeable.
Turner Syndrome (Symptoms)
- Short stature
- Webbed neck
- Low hairline
- Broad chest with widely spaced nipples
- Swollen hands and feet (lymphedema)
- Underdeveloped ovaries
- Small jaw
- Low-set ears
- Narrow palate
- Heart defects
- Kidney malformations
- Skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis)
Turner Syndrome (Physical Effects)
- Infertility
- Increased risk of autoimmune disorders (hypothyroidism)
- Hearing loss
- Vision problems
- Increased risk of obesity
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