Cancer and Cell Division Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is cancer?

A disorder of uncontrolled cell growth and division.

What is a tumor?

An abnormal mass of tissue formed by uncontrolled cell division.

What is metastasis?

The spread of cancer cells to other body parts.

What is the cell cycle?

<p>A series of phases for cell growth and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are differentiated cells?

<p>Cells that have specialized functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who pioneered chemotherapy treatments for cancer?

<p>Dr. Jane C. Wright</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surgery in the context of cancer treatment?

<p>Physical removal of cancerous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radiation therapy?

<p>Use of high-energy particles to kill cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemotherapy?

<p>Use of drugs to kill or slow cancer growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benign tumor?

<p>A non-cancerous tumor that does not spread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a malignant tumor?

<p>A cancerous tumor that can invade surrounding tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stem cells?

<p>Unspecialized cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are totipotent cells?

<p>Can develop into any cell type, found in early embryos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are germ layers?

<p>Three layers in embryonic development: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

<p>Programmed cell death to eliminate damaged cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

<p>Structures containing genetic information in DNA form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

<p>Complex of DNA and proteins, condenses to form chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a centromere?

<p>Region where sister chromatids are joined together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles?

<p>Structures that help organize spindle fibers during mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spindle fibers?

<p>Microtubules that separate chromosomes during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

<p>Final stage of cell division, cytoplasm splits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell plate?

<p>Structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is binary fission?

<p>Asexual reproduction method in prokaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual reproduction?

<p>Offspring produced from two parents, genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are regulatory proteins?

<p>Control the progression of the cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cell cycle regulation?

<p>Maintains orderly growth and division of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a blastocyst?

<p>Early stage of embryonic development, hollow ball of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interphase?

<p>Phase where the cell grows and prepares for division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cancer

Disorder of uncontrolled cell growth and division.

Tumor

Abnormal mass of tissue formed by uncontrolled cell division.

Metastasis

Spread of cancer cells to other body parts.

Cell Cycle

Series of phases for cell growth and division.

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Differentiated Cells

Cells that have specialized functions.

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Dr. Jane C. Wright

Pioneered chemotherapy treatments for cancer.

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Surgery

Physical removal of cancerous tissue.

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Radiation Therapy

Use of high-energy particles to kill cancer cells.

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Chemotherapy

Use of drugs to kill or slow cancer growth.

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Benign Tumor

Non-cancerous tumor that does not spread.

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Malignant Tumor

Cancerous tumor that can invade surrounding tissues.

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Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

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Totipotent Cells

Can develop into any cell type, found in early embryos.

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Pluripotent Cells

Can develop into almost any cell type, excluding placenta.

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Multipotent Cells

Limited to differentiating into a specific tissue type.

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iPS Cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from specialized cells.

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Germ Layers

Three layers in embryonic development: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.

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Apoptosis

Programmed cell death to eliminate damaged cells.

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Chromosomes

Structures containing genetic information in DNA form.

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Chromatin

Complex of DNA and proteins, condenses to form chromosomes.

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Centromere

Region where sister chromatids are joined together.

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Chromatid

One half of a duplicated chromosome.

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Centrioles

Structures that help organize spindle fibers during mitosis.

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Spindle Fibers

Microtubules that separate chromosomes during cell division.

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Cytokinesis

Final stage of cell division, cytoplasm splits.

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Cell Plate

Structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells.

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Binary Fission

Asexual reproduction method in prokaryotic cells.

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Sexual Reproduction

Offspring produced from two parents, genetic diversity.

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Asexual Reproduction

Offspring produced from one parent, genetically identical.

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Regulatory Proteins

Control the progression of the cell cycle.

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Cell Cycle Regulation

Maintains orderly growth and division of cells.

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Blastocyst

Early stage of embryonic development, hollow ball of cells.

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Interphase

Phase where the cell grows and prepares for division.

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M Phase

Phase of mitosis where cell division occurs.

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Study Notes

Cancer and Cell Division

  • Cancer: A disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division.
  • Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue resulting from uncontrolled cell division.
  • Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.
  • Cell Cycle: The series of phases involved in cell growth and division.
  • Differentiated Cells: Specialized cells performing specific functions.
  • Dr. Jane C. Wright: A notable figure in chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
  • Surgery: Physical removal of cancerous tissue.
  • Radiation Therapy: Use of high-energy particles to destroy cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill or slow cancer growth.
  • Benign Tumor: A non-cancerous tumor that does not spread.
  • Malignant Tumor: A cancerous tumor capable of invading surrounding tissues.
  • Stem Cells: Unspecialized cells capable of differentiating into specialized cells.
  • Totipotent Cells: Cells capable of developing into any cell type. Found early in embryo development.
  • Pluripotent Cells: Cells capable of developing into almost any cell type, excluding placenta.
  • Multipotent Cells: Able to differentiate into a specific cell type.
  • iPS Cells: Induced pluripotent stem cells, created from reprogramming specialized cells.
  • Germ Layers: Three layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) in embryonic development.
  • Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, used to eliminate damaged cells.
  • Chromosomes: Structures containing genetic information (DNA).
  • Chromatin: Complex of DNA and proteins, forming chromosomes.
  • Centromere: Region where sister chromatids connect.
  • Chromatid: One of two identical copies of a chromosome after replication.
  • Centrioles: Structures that help organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
  • Spindle Fibers: Microtubules that separate chromosomes during mitosis.
  • Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm, final stage of cell division.
  • Cell Plate: Structure forming during cytokinesis in plant cells.
  • Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction method used by prokaryotic cells.
  • Sexual Reproduction: Development of offspring from two parents, leading to genetic diversity.
  • Asexual Reproduction: Development of offspring from one parent, creating genetically identical copies.
  • Regulatory Proteins: Control the progression of the cell cycle.
  • Cell Cycle Regulation: Maintains the orderly growth and division of cells.
  • Blastocyst: An early stage of embryonic development, a hollow ball of cells.
  • Interphase: Phase of cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division.
  • M Phase: Phase of cell cycle where mitosis occurs, involving cell division.

Cell Cycle Specific Terms

  • Interphase comprises three substages: G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (more growth before mitosis).

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to cancer and the cell division process. Explore key terms such as tumors, metastasis, and the role of notable figures like Dr. Jane C. Wright in cancer treatment. Test your understanding of different therapies and the biology of cells involved in cancer growth.

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