Biology Chapter 7: Cell Division and Cancer

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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'meta' mean in Latin?

Middle (correct)
End
Back
Beginning

During anaphase, spindle fibers lengthen to push the chromatids apart.

False (B)

What is the main difference in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells use a cell plate, while animal cells use a contractile ring.

The final phase of mitosis, where two new daughter cells begin to form, is called ______.

telophase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of mitosis with their key events:

Prophase = Chromosomes appear Metaphase = Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell Anaphase = Chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers Telophase = Two new daughter cells begin to form Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a malignant tumor?

A mass of cells that grows uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cloning only occurs through artificial methods in laboratories.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason it is hard to identify the causes of cancer?

Long latency period Signup and view all the answers

The cell cycle loses its ________, which leads to uncontrolled cell division resulting in cancerous masses.

checkpoints Signup and view all the answers

Match the following preventative measures with their corresponding cancer risk reduction strategy:

Stop smoking = Reduce exposure to mutagenic agents Regular health check-ups = Early detection of cancerous cells Eat high fiber foods = Promote overall health and digestion Avoid too much sunlight = Reduce exposure to harmful radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of a plant stem?

Absorption of water and minerals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Xylem cells are living cells that actively transport glucose.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What substance provides strength to the cell walls of xylem?

lignin Signup and view all the answers

The process by which water evaporates through the stomata is called ______.

transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is characterized by smaller width and shallow growth, typically found in grasses and smaller plants?

Fibrous root system (D) Signup and view all the answers

Root hairs decrease the surface area of the roots for absorption.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant structures with their primary function:

Xylem = Transports water Phloem = Transports glucose Root hairs = Increase water and mineral absorption Stomata = Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesion in water movement within plants?

Cohesion allows water molecules to stick together, pulling water up the stem Signup and view all the answers

What two main functions do stems primarily serve in plants?

Physical support and transportation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Xylem cells are living tissues which actively transport water through the plant.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where water evaporates from the stomata, creating a pull that draws water up the plant?

transpiration pull Signup and view all the answers

The dome shape formed at the brim of a bottle is due to water's property of ______.

adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What would be the likely state of leaf stomata during a hot, dry day?

Stomata would be fully closed to limit water loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components to their function

Xylem = Transport water Phloem = Transport sugars Stomata = Gas exchange and water evaporation Plant Gall = Abnormal plant cell growth Signup and view all the answers

Plant galls are produced due to abnormal cell growth in response to attacks by organisms including insects, fungi, bacteria, and ______.

viruses Signup and view all the answers

All plant diseases caused by viruses are fatal.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of AIDS?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cancer screening increases a person's chances of survival.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a PAP smear?

To examine a sample of the cervix for abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

SARS causes fluid to fill a patient's ________ leading to a lack of oxygen.

lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their characteristics:

SARS = Fluid fills the lungs AIDS = Attacks the immune system West Nile virus = May have no symptoms or severe illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce a person's exposure to West Nile virus?

Avoiding asbestos insulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Asbestos insulation is not considered a carcinogenic substance.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue produces white blood cells?

bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food into absorbable substances (D) Signup and view all the answers

The process of digestion typically takes about 2-6 hours for each meal.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name the three main types of teeth found in the mouth.

incisors, canines, molars Signup and view all the answers

The tongue mixes chewed food with saliva into a mass called a ______.

bolus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following prevents food from entering the pharynx?

The uvula (D) Signup and view all the answers

The parotid glands are the smallest salivary glands.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the bolus move after leaving the mouth?

Esophagus (C) Signup and view all the answers

The muscle that encircles the tubes and acts as a valve at the entrance of the stomach is called the ______ esophageal sphincter.

lower Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick liquid formed in the stomach called?

chyme Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of the small intestine with the correct description:

Duodenum = Primary site for chemical breakdown and nutrient absorption Jejunum = Site for breaking down proteins and carbohydrates Ileum = Site for absorbing remaining nutrients and pushing undigested material to large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?

To increase surface area for nutrient absorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

The appendix is a vital part of the digestive system and plays a key role in digestion

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The large intestine absorbs water and dissolved ______ from undigested food.

minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anal sphincters?

to control the timing of elimination Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes how stem cells are used for leukemia?

Stem cells are used to replace defective white blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and become visible.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers towards opposite poles of the cell.