Canadian Workplace Law Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What governs the employment relationship of a non-unionized employee?

Collective bargaining agreements

Statutory agreements

Common law principles of contract (correct)

Federal employment legislation

What percentage of employees in Canada are governed by provincial employment legislation?

90% (correct)

50%

100%

70%

Which industries are covered by federal employment laws in Canada?

Retail and agriculture

Airlines and broadcasting (correct)

Mining and construction

Local businesses and startups

What is a key characteristic of collective agreements?

They are negotiated between employers and a union. Signup and view all the answers

What can employers operating in multiple provinces choose regarding statutory standards?

They can adopt the most generous standard across the country. Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding workplace law essential for business people?

To reduce business risks and legal issues. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of employee has a terms and conditions of employment governed by an individual contract?

Non-unionized employee Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about workplace law is accurate?

Provincial employment legislation governs most employees in Canada. Signup and view all the answers

What legal consequence can result from a candidate's misrepresentation of their qualifications?

They could face dismissal from the job. Signup and view all the answers

What is a negligent misrepresentation in the context of hiring?

Failing to disclose an ongoing project approval process. Signup and view all the answers

What should employment contracts explicitly state about oral representations?

They are void upon contract signing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice during the hiring process?

Document the candidate’s response to job offers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a restrictive covenant in employment contracts designed to prevent?

Competition and solicitation post-employment. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to verify if a candidate has existing contractual obligations?

To ensure they can legally accept the job offer. Signup and view all the answers

What action can lead to legal liability for an employer during recruitment?

Misrepresenting the job's promotion potential. Signup and view all the answers

What might an employer be liable for if they induce a candidate to breach their current employment contract?

Damages due to the breach of contract. Signup and view all the answers

How should job applicants acknowledge their employment information accuracy?

In the job application forms. Signup and view all the answers

What could lead to a longer termination notice period for a new employee?

Inducing them to leave their current secure job. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for establishing a successful employer-employee relationship?

A mutual understanding of expectations. Signup and view all the answers

What should an employer do if they discover a candidate has a restrictive covenant with a previous employer?

Consider it while deciding on the job offer. Signup and view all the answers

What must be avoided when selling a job to a prospective employee?

Making specific promises about performance bonuses. Signup and view all the answers

How can misrepresentation during hiring potentially affect future employer responsibilities?

It can create grounds for an employment lawsuit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum reasonable notice an employer might need to provide based on years of service?

One month for every year of service Signup and view all the answers

What may an employer be required to pay if reasonable notice is not provided?

An amount equal to wages plus benefits during the notice period Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Mesgarlou v 3xs Enterprises Inc, what was the employee's entitlement limited to?

$2,477 as per the contract Signup and view all the answers

What is a fixed-term contract?

A contract with a predetermined end date Signup and view all the answers

What is required if a fixed-term contract is for 12 months or more?

Statutory notice must still be given Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an employer uses multiple fixed-term contracts to cover what is actually an indefinite contract?

The employee may be deemed entitled to reasonable notice Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Ballim v Bausch & Lomb Canada Inc case?

The cover letter was included in the employment contract Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an employer does not include a termination clause in a fixed-term contract?

They may have to pay for the entire term of the contract if terminated early Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length range of a probationary period?

3 to 6 months Signup and view all the answers

If an employee is terminated at the end of a three-month probationary period, what is generally required?

Statutory notice must be given Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'just cause' for dismissal?

An employee's conduct justifying dismissal without notice Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of failing to specify a probationary period in a contract?

The employer might face legal challenges for dismissal Signup and view all the answers

Why should employers clearly negotiate termination provisions?

To reduce costs and uncertainty regarding notice Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'pay in lieu of notice'?

Payment as a substitute for receiving adequate notice Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of failing to comply with workplace laws?

Possible lawsuits from employees Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor in distinguishing between an independent contractor and an employee?

Control and direction from the hiring organization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits are independent contractors NOT entitled to receive?

Vacation pay Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to minimize the risk of misclassifying workers as independent contractors?

Encourage them to work for multiple businesses Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if a business incorrectly identifies an employee as an independent contractor?

The business may have to pay back wages and benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with failing to understand prohibited grounds of discrimination?

Potential for discrimination claims Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage that independent contractors have over employees?

Ability to deduct business expenses Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of ‘dependent contractors’?

Self-employed individuals who rely economically on one employer Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be included in a contract with an independent contractor?

Guarantee of employee benefits Signup and view all the answers

What could be a significant consequence of a well-publicized human rights complaint?

Damage to business reputation Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an employer-employee relationship from a principal-independent contractor relationship?

The degree of control over the work performed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of independent contractors?

Entitlement to maternity leave Signup and view all the answers

How can businesses establish that a worker is an independent contractor?

By writing a detailed contract specifying the relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key roles of statutory and common law protections for workers?

To ensure fair working conditions for employees Signup and view all the answers

What defines the point of undue hardship in accommodating an employee?

The cost of accommodating an employee substantially impacts the business's economic health. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential source of funding for accommodations?

Outside sources like government grants Signup and view all the answers

In the case where a union refused to assist a disabled employee, what was the consequence for the union?

The union was ordered to pay damages to the employee. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of failing to accommodate employees appropriately?

Legal consequences and potential damages. Signup and view all the answers

What is one common situation that necessitates accommodation in the workplace?

Disabilities experienced by employees Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of non-competition clauses in employment contracts?

To restrict an employee's ability to work in a competing business after employment. Signup and view all the answers

Which category of employees can still enter into non-compete agreements after October 25, 2021, in Ontario?

Executives and sellers of businesses. Signup and view all the answers

Why were non-competition clauses traditionally difficult to enforce?

They restrict an individual's ability to work in their field. Signup and view all the answers

What must an employer prove regarding non-competition clauses, even when they are allowed?

That it is reasonable in duration and geographic scope. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a restrictive covenant in an employment contract?

To restrict employees from disclosing confidential information Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant legal change regarding non-compete agreements in Ontario?

They are prohibited for most employees as of October 25, 2021. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of clause restricts an ex-employee’s ability to solicit customers of their former employer?

Non-solicitation clauses. Signup and view all the answers

What must employers verify to avoid potential liability for 'negligent hiring'?

The references of job applicants for positions of trust. Signup and view all the answers

What can make a contract of employment potentially unenforceable?

Lacking consideration. Signup and view all the answers

What must employers provide if they want to amend terms in an employment contract?

A mutual agreement and new consideration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in a written employment contract?

Employee’s personal history Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if an employment contract lacks consideration?

There is no exchange of value for the employee's work. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial advantage of having a well-drafted written employment contract?

It provides greater certainty about the contractual terms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios may lead to constructive dismissal?

Significant change in job roles without employee consent. Signup and view all the answers

What should employers do if they are considering hiring an employee who has signed a restrictive covenant?

Review the clause with a legal professional for enforceability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding termination without cause provisions?

They must follow minimum statutory standards for employees. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about employment contracts is true?

The employer offers a job and the employee accepts it as the basis of a contract. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an employment contract fails to meet minimum statutory standards?

Only the non-compliant clause is void. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically considered the most contentious clause in an employment contract?

Notice of termination Signup and view all the answers

When should an employment contract be signed according to best practices?

Before commencing work. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main challenges with changing employment policies post-hire?

Significant changes require employee agreement or reasonable notice. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential element of a contract?

Offer and acceptance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reason for a court to find an employment contract unenforceable?

The agreement is vague. Signup and view all the answers

In which situation must an employer exercise a high standard of care in checking references?

For positions of trust, like daycare workers. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an employee rejects changes to their employment terms?

The employer must outline the consequences of the rejection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of failing to check references adequately?

The employer can be liable for negligent hiring. Signup and view all the answers

What should an employer do regarding the relationship between contracts and policy manuals?

Include references to the policy manual in the contract. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of 'consideration' in an employment contract?

It involves the mutual exchange of value, like wages for work. Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is an employee's resignation considered involuntary?

If the employee is provoked during a heated moment. Signup and view all the answers

What must an employer provide if a contract's termination notice provision is inadequate?

Reasonable notice of termination or pay in lieu of notice. Signup and view all the answers

What must an employer do after receiving a resignation from an employee?

Confirm the acceptance of the resignation in writing. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision in Waksdale v Swegon North America Inc entail?

Indicating that flawed termination with cause clauses can render both cause and without cause termination provisions unenforceable. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change was made to the Ontario Code regarding mandatory retirement policies?

Mandatory retirement policies were banned for employees aged 65 and older. Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement must termination with cause clauses clearly fulfill to be enforceable?

They must meet at least the minimum requirements of the Employment Standards Act (ESA). Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered just cause for termination of an employee?

Economic necessity Signup and view all the answers

What is one common legal issue regarding employee resignation?

Whether resignation is considered constructive dismissal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for just cause dismissal?

The misconduct must fundamentally breach the employment contract. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the obligation for an employer to provide notice or pay in lieu of notice?

If an employee resigns under duress or without choice. Signup and view all the answers

What is progressive discipline?

A gradual escalation of disciplinary measures. Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be a part of a performance review?

Including personal grievances against the employee. Signup and view all the answers

What could render all termination clauses in an employment contract unenforceable?

A just cause provision that does not align with ESA's definition of misconduct. Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to minimize risks related to employment contracts?

Have candidates initial potentially contentious clauses. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is advisable when an employee provides notice of resignation?

Accept the resignation and allow the employee to work the notice period. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect could NOT constitute just cause for dismissal?

Unintentional minor misconduct. Signup and view all the answers

What legal implications arise when an employment relationship ends by resignation?

Employees may need to provide reasonable notice of resignation. Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might an employee successfully claim constructive dismissal?

When working conditions change fundamentally without consent. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key component of a valid performance appraisal process?

Consistency and objectiveness in evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reviewing employment contracts regularly?

To ensure they are current and compliant with the ESA. Signup and view all the answers

When is an employer required to provide notice or pay in lieu of notice?

When an employee is permanently laid off due to lack of work. Signup and view all the answers

What should an employer do if they allege just cause for dismissal?

Provide evidence of sufficient steps taken to facilitate improvement. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if an employee formally rejects changes to their employment contract?

They may face consequences like being advised of the implications of refusal. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ontario Code prohibit concerning age discrimination?

Discrimination against employees ages 18 and above. Signup and view all the answers

How does a court or tribunal typically react if an employee resigns after being presented with an ultimatum?

They may find the resignation was not voluntary. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk management step for employers regarding employment contracts?

Updating contracts and terms upon significant changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that courts consider when determining the length of a reasonable notice period for wrongful dismissal?

The availability of similar employment Signup and view all the answers

What must an employee do to fulfill their common law duty to mitigate damages after being dismissed?

Seek employment at a similar level Signup and view all the answers

In the event of finding new employment during the notice period, what typically happens to the earnings from that job?

They are deducted from the wrongful dismissal award Signup and view all the answers

What type of damages may an employee request if they suffer actual losses due to the manner of termination?

Aggravated damages Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Boucher v Wal-Mart Canada Corp, what amount was awarded for aggravated damages?

$200,000 Signup and view all the answers

What factor was NOT considered by the courts in evaluating Boucher's case against Walmart?

The employee's salary history Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of punitive damages?

A financial penalty due to employer misconduct Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason Boucher was awarded damages against Pinnock?

He belittled her in front of co-workers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about wrongful dismissal is true?

It occurs when reasonable notice is not provided Signup and view all the answers

How long was Boucher’s employment at Walmart before she resigned?

10 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a Bardal factor used by courts to determine reasonable notice?

The emotional impact of the termination Signup and view all the answers

What was a key issue in Boucher's case that contributed to her claim?

The retaliation from management after complaints Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an employee fails to undertake serious job searches after being dismissed?

Their notice period may be shortened by a court Signup and view all the answers

What legal concept refers to the obligation to lessen losses after termination?

Duty to mitigate Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an employer to avoid claims of constructive dismissal for an unpaid suspension?

It must be specifically provided for in the employee's contract. Signup and view all the answers

What should an employer do before imposing disciplinary action on an employee?

Give the employee the chance to respond to allegations. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept describes the acceptance of an employee's misconduct due to an employer's inaction?

Condonation Signup and view all the answers

What option must employers provide when dismissing employees without just cause?

Severance pay or advance notice Signup and view all the answers

What is a common legal consequence for employers who fail to provide proper notice upon termination?

They can be sued for wrongful dismissal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources does NOT provide notice for termination of employment?

Employee suggestions during performance reviews Signup and view all the answers

Under what criteria is reasonable notice determined in common law?

Factors like age, length of service, and job position Signup and view all the answers

What does the ESA ensure for employees regarding notice periods?

They have a guaranteed minimum notice period. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible maximum duration of reasonable notice under common law for long-term employees?

24 months or more Signup and view all the answers

Why might courts warn against using the 'one month per year' rule of thumb for estimating reasonable notice?

It can misrepresent actual employment situations. Signup and view all the answers

What must employers ensure for a contractual notice period to be enforceable?

It must comply with minimum standards of the ESA. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an employee's misconduct is overlooked by an employer?

It can never be used against the employee again. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the notice requirement outlined in both common law and the ESA?

To provide employees time to find new employment Signup and view all the answers

What could result if an employer provides a shorter contractual notice period than common law notice?

The employer may still be bound by the contract if other conditions are satisfied. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the appellate court reduced the punitive damages awarded to Pinnock?

The tort award already contained punitive elements. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a duty of employers towards employees?

Imposing sanctions on all complaints. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance can an employee claim constructive dismissal?

When there is a fundamental breach of the employment contract. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a fundamental change that may lead to constructive dismissal?

A change in significant job responsibilities. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Russo v Kerr, what was the key factor that led to the court's decision in favor of Russo?

He continued to work under reduced pay without consent. Signup and view all the answers

What does the right to reinstatement provide for employees?

A remedy available only in specific circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'qualified privilege' protect employers from?

Defamation when giving negative references. Signup and view all the answers

What should employers do to minimize the risk of constructive dismissal claims?

Include flexibility in written employment contracts. Signup and view all the answers

If an employee stays beyond the reasonable notice period after a fundamental change, what is generally assumed?

They are deemed to have accepted the new terms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible effect of allowing significant changes to job benefits?

It can initiate constructive dismissal claims. Signup and view all the answers

Why may an employee not claim constructive dismissal after a minor salary reduction?

Because minor reductions typically do not violate employment contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the implications of the court's decision regarding punitive damages?

Aggravated damages may include punishment already. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for employers to conduct thorough investigations into complaints?

To maintain legal compliance and fairness. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not providing a reference to a dismissed employee?

The employee might receive a higher wrongful dismissal award. Signup and view all the answers

How can an employer protect themselves when providing a reference for a dismissed employee?

By confirming only the employment period, position, and salary. Signup and view all the answers

What does ‘frustration of contract’ in an employment relationship mean?

The contract becomes impossible to fulfill through no fault of either party. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must employers demonstrate to establish frustration of contract?

They have accommodated the employee's condition up to undue hardship. Signup and view all the answers

What role do statutes play in the employer-employee relationship?

They provide protections and rights to employees beyond common law. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Code?

Marital status. Signup and view all the answers

What does the human rights legislation aim to ensure in the workplace?

Equal rights and opportunities without discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What must an employer consider if their hiring policy discriminates against a specific group?

The policy must be assessed for its overall impact on job applicants. Signup and view all the answers

Under what situation can nepotism policies become a legal exception to discrimination?

When favoring or prohibiting hiring of close relatives. Signup and view all the answers

How is discrimination defined in the context of human rights laws?

As unintentional actions that affect employees negatively. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an employer to terminate an employee due to illness after a prolonged absence?

Demonstrating that further accommodation is not possible. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an employer provides excessive praise in a reference letter for a dismissed employee?

They may face a lawsuit for negligent misrepresentation. Signup and view all the answers

Which right is specifically protected under human rights legislation concerning gender?

The right to equal treatment regardless of gender identity. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a workplace policy that unintentionally affects certain groups negatively?

Adverse impact discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a job qualification to be considered a bona fide occupational requirement (BFOR)?

It must be rationally connected to job performance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the determination of a bona fide occupational requirement?

Affirmative action requirement Signup and view all the answers

What does the duty to accommodate entail in the workplace?

Making changes to enable participation Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Canadian Union of Public Employees v Toronto District School Board, what requirement was deemed discriminatory?

Lifting 50 pounds for cleaning jobs Signup and view all the answers

What must an employer demonstrate to prove that a job requirement is a BFOR and not discriminatory?

It cannot be modified without hardship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a common student misconception about adverse impact discrimination?

It can be unintentional Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedural dimension of the duty to accommodate?

Exploring accommodation options Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the exclusion of group members based on specified grounds in policies?

Constructive discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of the Meiorin test applied in employment cases?

Employers must prove undue hardship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a BFOR for a specific job?

Having a valid driver's license for truck driving Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension requires an employer to demonstrate the fulfillment of the duty to accommodate?

Substantive dimension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Canadian Workplace Law: Employers and Employees

Sources of Workplace Law: Canadian workplace rights are governed by statutes and common law.
Non-Unionized Employees: The employment relationship is contractual, applying common law contract principles. Terms are negotiated individually.
Unionized Employees: Terms are set in collective agreements.
Provincial vs. Federal Laws: Most employees (90%) are governed by provincial employment legislation, depending on the industry. Federal laws cover national industries (10%): airlines, broadcasting, banks, and interprovincial transportation. Ontario's employment legislation is frequently similar to other provinces.
Employer Obligations: Businesses must comply with employment, human rights, and health and safety laws. Failure to do so results in potential fines and lawsuits. Maintaining a positive employer-employee relationship can enhance a business's image and sustainability.

Independent Contractor vs. Employee

Historical Context: Historically, employment was governed by "freedom of contract." Employee protections were needed due to employer's stronger bargaining position.
Independent Contractor Definition: Self-employed workers undertaking specific projects for multiple clients.
Employee Status: Determined by if the worker is an independent entrepreneur or under the hiring organization's control. Courts assess the substance of the relationship, location, scheduling, and client control. A contract stating independent contractor status is a factor, but not the sole determinant.
Consequences of Misclassification: Recharacterization to "employee" by a court can have negative financial impacts(e.g., owing unpaid employment standards and insurance premiums; paying back owed benefits), including significant monetary penalties and potential wrongful dismissal claims.

Minimizing Risk in Employer-Employee Relationships

Respect Independent Contractors: Allow independent contractors to work for other businesses. Clearly outline the independent contractor relationship in written contracts, avoid statutory deductions and employer-provided benefits, and allow flexibility in scheduling and work location.
Honesty and Good Faith in Hiring: Be honest in the hiring process. Intentional misrepresentations can lead to dismissal based on whether the issue is foundational to the job's suitability or involves a lack of honesty. Unintentional misrepresentations can lead to negligent misrepresentation lawsuits.
Thorough Hiring Procedures: Conduct thorough background checks and reference checks, especially for roles where trust and reliability are essential (e.g., nursing homes, security guards).

Employment Contracts

Contract Essentials: A job offer accepted by an employee, and a mutual agreement on wages for work (consideration). A written contract provides clarity and certainty regarding termination clauses, and it should incorporate company policies into the binding agreement.
Termination Clauses: Employment contracts should include carefully drafted termination clauses to define employee rights upon termination (with or without just cause), avoiding court disputes. Common law implies a reasonable notice period for termination if no clause is set.
Fixed-Term Contracts: Clear termination dates are stipulated. The ESA often requires statutory notice, even for fixed-term contracts lasting more than a year. Employers must not create a false expectation of renewal. Ensure early termination details are added to fixed-term contracts.
Probationary Periods: Allow employers to assess suitability. Ensure that probationary clauses do not exceed certain thresholds—the required notice period under the Ontario Employment Standard Act is usually required if an employee is terminated after three months of employment. Use written contracts for this.
Restrictive Covenants: Clauses that limit activities after employment ends (e.g., non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disclosure). Effective October 25, 2021, Ontario's non-competition clause bans (with limited exceptions) apply to all employees. This applies to contracts entered after this date. Contracts predating this date remain valid unless deemed excessive. Ensure the contract reflects the intended obligations of your business and the worker.

Enforceability of Employment Contracts

Lack of Consideration: Employment contracts lack consideration if there's no mutual agreement on exchange of value or if terms are changed after work has started without fresh consideration.
Statutory Standards: Contract terms must adhere to minimum statutory standards (such as wages and termination notice). If not, terms become void, and courts impose common law standards on termination.

Ending the Employment Relationship

Resignation: Implied obligation to provide reasonable notice.
Retirement: Ontario legislation generally prohibits mandatory retirement at age 65.
Termination: Employers may dismiss employees with just cause. Just cause is difficult to prove and usually involves substantial misconduct or breaches. If no just cause exists, employers must abide by termination notice standards under the ESA and common law.
Constructive Dismissal: Occurs when an employer fundamentally alters employment conditions without an employee's consent or notice.
Reinstatement: Reinstatement may be granted under specific circumstances, mostly applicable in a union environment or where the employer has violated a statute applicable to the employee.
Defamation in Refences: While no duty to provide references is implied, truthful information given in references is protected from defamation lawsuits under qualified privilege.

Statutory Law Affecting Employment

Human Rights in the Workplace: Ontario's Human Rights Code prohibits employment discrimination based on various protected characteristics.
Duty to Accommodate: Employers must make reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities unless it presents undue hardship to the business.

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Description

Test your knowledge of workplace law in Canada with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as employment relationships, collective agreements, and statutory standards. Perfect for those looking to understand the legal framework governing non-unionized employees.