Canadian Nationalisms 1896-1945

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Questions and Answers

What time period is primarily discussed in the content?

1945-2000

1800-1850

1850-1900

1896-1945 (correct)

What is a key concern for Quebec as mentioned in the content?

Achieving complete independence from Canada

Preserving its language-related features (correct)

Increasing immigration rates

Economic growth in Canada

How is Canada described in relation to Quebec's autonomy?

As a stable entity that discourages regional differences

As a country focused solely on linguistic unity

As a nation actively redefining its autonomy (correct)

As an entity that supports Quebec's independence

What aspect of Quebec is emphasized in the context of cultural preservation?

Language-related features (B) Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential challenge for Quebec as Canada changes?

Maintaining distinct cultural features (B) Signup and view all the answers

What year was women's federal voting rights established in Canada?

1918 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is associated with socialist alternatives to traditional political ideologies in Canada?

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the Catholic Church in Quebec regarding women's suffrage?

It would threaten traditional family values. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which program was aimed at settling remote regions in Canada?

Return to the Land program (B) Signup and view all the answers

What year did the provinces grant women the right to vote in Canada?

1940 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a major influence of the Church on the working class during the period discussed?

Creation of cooperatives for industrialization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the compulsory school attendance laws introduced in 1943?

Improved literacy rates among children (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which sector was most prominently promoted for economic independence according to the content?

Agriculture (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why were children needed to work on farms during this period?

To support household income (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the ecole populaire created by the Church?

To improve conditions for the working class (A) Signup and view all the answers

In 1931, the ratio of priests to followers was reported to be:

1 priest for every 576 followers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of production was emphasized by Francophone businessmen?

Food production and sawmilling (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did government subsidies play in agriculture during this period?

To support the agricultural industry (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the impact of mechanization in agriculture?

Increased production efficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was Wilfrid Laurier's approach to Canadian autonomy?

Policy of compromise with ties to the British Empire (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a common sentiment among English Canadians regarding immigration?

Perceiving immigration as a threat to their culture (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who was a prominent proponent of French-Canadian nationalism?

Henri Bourassa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What policy did Canada adopt in relation to Indigenous Peoples?

A residential school system for assimilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the immigration policies in Canada?

Loss of rights for Francophones outside Quebec (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which war did Canada participate in on a voluntary basis, showcasing their military support?

The Boer War (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining aspect of Canadian identity during the Liberal Era?

A blend of nationalist sentiments and imperial ties (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the government’s stance on the language and religion of immigrants?

Promotion of English as the only official language and Protestantism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of creating Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905?

To promote economic growth through colonization (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did Canadian military participation in the Boer War reflect Canadian autonomy?

It demonstrated voluntary alignment with British military interests (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main energy source during the second phase of industrialization in Canada?

Hydroelectricity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes monopoly capitalism?

A single entity controls all aspects of production for a product. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During World War I, which act granted the federal government increased powers?

The War Measures Act (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant impact of the First World War on Canada's autonomy?

Recognition as a country at the League of Nations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What economic theory suggested state intervention to prevent economic slowdowns during the Great Depression?

Keynesian Economics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did women play during World War I in Canada?

They replaced men in the labor force. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What were Victory Bonds used for during the First World War?

To finance military operations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The Statute of Westminster (1931) was important because it granted Canada what?

Almost complete autonomy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Catholic Church create Catholic unions in Canada?

To counter the influence of American unions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What economic condition prevailed due to the drop in American demand for Canadian products during the Great Depression?

Wide-scale poverty and unemployment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which public health initiative aimed to improve infant health in Canada?

Gouttes de lait program (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a major social issue in urban centers during the 1910s in Canada?

Overcrowded and unsanitary working-class neighborhoods. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'conscription crisis' refer to in Canada?

Opposition to military drafts during World War I. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the urban population increase during the Roaring 20s in Canada?

Expansion of factory jobs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary factors that led to the start of World War II in Europe?

Germany's invasion of Poland (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the War Measures Act in Canada during WWII?

Increased federal powers and regulations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant economic change in Canada due to World War II?

Factories shifted to military production (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the conscription plebiscite reflect Canadian society during the war?

It caused division between ethnic groups (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a major contribution of women during World War II in Canada?

Working in factories to support the war effort (B) Signup and view all the answers

What financial support did the Canadian government provide to veterans after WWII?

Disability pensions and educational assistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was clerico-nationalism in the context of the Catholic Church's influence?

Nationalism emphasizing rural life and conservative values (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the role of education change during the influence of the Catholic Church?

School attendance for children aged 12 and up was required (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the sentiment among French-Canadians regarding conscription during WWII?

They felt their interests were disregarded (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the government regarding veterans after the war?

To ensure economic stability through financial aid and services (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

1896-1945 Canadian Nationalisms and Autonomy

Canada's status within the British Empire: Canada was a dominion, dependent on the UK for external affairs.
Two opposing ideologies: Imperialism (attachment to the British Empire, English as sole official language, Protestant religion) contrasted with French-Canadian nationalism (greater autonomy from the British Empire, promotion of French culture).
Domestic Politics: Wilfrid Laurier was elected Prime Minister in 1896, leading a Liberal government in Quebec. Defining Canadian autonomy was a key issue.
Impact of Immigration: Immigration led to xenophobia and tensions—especially between English and French Canadians. Some policies favoured or discriminated against certain groups.
Canadian Military Support: Canadians participated in the Boer War (1899) but voluntarily; the Canadian Navy was created in 1910.
Emergence of Western Provinces: Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905.
Governance of Indigenous Populations: Canadian policy largely aimed to assimilate indigenous peoples, rather than recognize their rights and cultures. Residential schools were a key element.

Second Phase of Industrialization (1900-1930)

Key Characteristics: Hydroelectricity, gas, and oil became important energy sources; heavy industries (metallurgy, pulp and paper, etc) developed; workforce saw an increase in skilled labor.
Resources and production sectors: Forests, mines, hydroelectric potential, and heavy industries (e.g., ore processing, pulp and paper, aluminum smelting) were crucial.
Monopoly Capitalism: Companies controlled all stages of production and marketing to eliminate competition, meaning only one company provided a product.
Role of the State: Limited state intervention. Governments provided grants and subsidies to attract foreign investors.
Foreign Investment: British and American capital became important for infrastructure and factory construction in Canada. USA became chief investor.
Foreign Trade: Canada's important trade partners included the USA and Great Britain.
Union Movement: Canadian workers increasingly joined American and Catholic Unions, facing challenges in gaining recognition from employers.

First World War (1914-1918)

European Context: Canada joined the war due to ties with the British Empire.
Wartime Government: The War Measures Act gave the federal government greater power in the social, economic, and provincial spheres.
Wartime Production: Factories significantly increased production of military equipment, strengthening Canada's economy.
Military Forces: Important engagements (like the Battle of Vimy Ridge) involved Canadian troops, particularly the 22nd Battalion, a French-Canadian unit.
Financial Resources: Victory bonds and income tax were vital for funding the war effort.
Women's Contributions: Women filled labor shortages in factories.
Conscription Crisis: Compulsory enlistment caused division between English- and French-speaking Canadians.
Soldier Repatriation: Government policies were implemented to assist returning soldiers in reintegrating into Canadian society.

Greater Autonomy for Canada

League of Nations: Canada signed the Treaty of Versailles and had its place within the League of Nations.
Statute of Westminster (1931): British Parliament granted Canada almost complete autonomy.
Urban Centers: Rapid urban growth occurred alongside overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.
Public Health: Initiatives improved sanitation, such as water chlorination, vaccinations, and milk pasteurization.
Public Services: Sewers, garbage collection, police, fire departments and public transportation were critical.
Infrastructure: Road networks, parks, and bathhouses improved.

The Great Depression (1929-1939)

Stock Market Crash (1929): This triggered a period of significant economic hardship, including a rapid loss in stock value.
Socio-economic Problems: Canada, like much of the world, experienced declining exports and a drop in manufacturing production, increasing unemployment and poverty.
Federal and Provincial Measures: Government policies such as direct relief and the creation of the Bank of Canada were introduced to address the problems.
Colonial Programs: The "Return to the Land" program was introduced, which aimed to repopulate rural regions of Canada by encouraging people to move there and farm.
Challenging Capitalism: During this era, new political ideologies, such as Keynesian economics, challenged traditional capitalist ideologies.

Second World War (1939-1945)

European Political and Economic Climate: The global economic climate deteriorated alongside the rise of fascism and militarism.
Wartime Government: Canada declared war on Germany in September 1939. A key component was the War Measures Act, which increased federal powers.
Wartime Production: Transformation of factories to meet military needs occurred, including the production of uniforms, weapons, and ammunition.
Canadian Contributions: Canadian men enlisted in the military. Women played a significant role in factories. The war aided the end of the Great Depression.
Demobilization: Efforts were undertaken to support returning soldiers and transition them back to civilian life.

Influence of Catholic Church (1896-1945)

Clerico-Nationalism: Nationalism connected to rural life, traditional values, and protection of French culture.
Moral and Cultural Influence: Church influence played a strong role in Canadian culture, including support of conservative political parties, education, and health.
Religious Personnel: The ratio of priests to parishioners was significantly high at this time.
Cooperatives: The Church spurred cooperatives for financing of industrialization and agricultural production
Education and Technical Training: Church involvement in education varied, impacting attendance and school development. School attendance rates were higher for Anglophone children.
Legislation: The establishment of compulsory school attendance laws are examples of government responses to the church's influence.

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Description

Explore the complex landscape of Canadian national identities from 1896 to 1945, focusing on the tension between imperialism and French-Canadian nationalism. Understand the impact of domestic politics, immigration, and military participation in shaping Canada's autonomy within the British Empire. This quiz delves into the key events that defined Canadian governance during this transformative period.