Canadian History WWI and Interwar Period

A law passed in Canada in 1914 that allowed the federal government to take control of economic and social affairs during WWI.

The Canadian government stopped most immigration during WWI, limiting the number of immigrants allowed into the country.

The Canadian government banned people from enemy countries (like Germany) from entering the country. This was based on the fear that they might be spies or threats to national security.

Canadian factories focused on producing war materials. More ships were built to transport goods to Europe, leading to a boom in shipbuilding.

The Canadian government used censorship to control information about the war. They wanted to prevent negative news from reaching the public.

The Canadian government issued Victory Bonds to finance the war effort. These bonds allowed Canadians to lend money to the government, which would be repaid with interest after 4 years.

During WWI, the Canadian economy was heavily impacted by the war effort. To meet the demand for food, the Canadian farmers expanded production, increasing the amount of food they grew.

The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) was Canada's primary military unit during WWI. Over 600,000 Canadians served in the CEF.

Canada's participation in WWI involved sending over 400,000 soldiers overseas to fight in battle. Many soldiers never returned home, and those who did often suffered injuries from the war.

With men off fighting in WWI, Canadian industries faced a labor shortage. To fill the gap, women started working in factories and other industries that they were not typically allowed to work in before the war. This helped fuel the movement for women's suffrage.

The participation of Canadians in WWI highlighted the division between English and French Canadians, with English Canadians eager to fight for the British Empire while French Canadians saw it as an imperialist war.

The Great Depression drastically reduced Canadian exports by 50% between 1929 and 1933, causing widespread economic hardship and social upheaval.

The Great Depression saw massive unemployment in Canada, as thousands of workers lost their jobs due to factory closures and reduced production.

In 1917, to increase military personnel, the Canadian government imposed conscription on single men aged 20-45, sparking strong opposition in Quebec and rekindling Francophone nationalist sentiment.

The Great Depression led to poverty and malnutrition in Canada, as reduced income forced people to cut back on essential items like food and education.

The Conscription Act of 1917 caused widespread unrest and riots in Quebec, leading to a long-lasting resentment towards the Conservative party that implemented it.

The Great Depression highlighted the need for government intervention in supporting its citizens, leading to the development of the Welfare State and expanded government involvement in social welfare programs.

Even though Canada was represented in the League of Nations, it wasn't as a member of the British delegation, but as a separate country. However, Canada still lacked full autonomy over its external affairs.

The Great Depression marked a turning point in Canadian society, influencing ideologies and paving the way for the Second World War.

The Statute of Westminster, signed in 1931, granted Canada full autonomy over internal and external affairs, allowing it to declare war as an independent nation.

Despite gaining control over its external affairs, Canada's constitution still resided under British law, meaning the British Parliament retained the right to modify it.

The Roaring Twenties was a period of prosperity in Canada and Quebec following WWI. This period ended abruptly with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929.

After the horrors and sacrifices of WWI, many Canadians, particularly those who had directly experienced the war, wanted to leave it behind and focus on rebuilding and peace.

The availability of more leisure activities like movies, restaurants, and nightclubs, along with the rise of the radio, increased entertainment options and consumer spending.

A major economic crisis that began in the late 1920s, affecting Canada and the US.

The rapid decline in stock prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

Professional hockey teams emerged and the National Hockey League was established, solidifying hockey as a national sport in Canada.

The invention of the airplane enabled athletes to travel and compete in events farther afield, opening up new opportunities for sports.

The demand for new products and household appliances increased due to economic growth and the availability of electricity.

Jazz music gained popularity and was often performed in Montreal nightclubs, particularly during the Prohibition era in the US.

A political party in Quebec, founded in 1935, that promoted conservative and traditional values, including Catholicism, rural life, and family. They aimed to ease the effects of the Great Depression by encouraging a rural lifestyle for French Canadians.

The period of economic downturn that began in 1929 and significantly impacted Canada's economy, leading to increased unemployment and poverty. It also contributed to the rise of extremist ideologies.

A political ideology that emphasizes nationalism, militarism, and a strong leader often with a dictatorial control. This ideology was used to justify war and aggression, promoting a strong state and suppressing political opposition.

A political and ideological movement led by Adolph Hitler in Germany. It promoted extreme nationalism, militarism, and antisemitism, leading to the persecution and extermination of Jews and other minority groups during World War II.

A worldwide conflict that broke out in 1939, involving the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allied Powers (including Britain, France, Canada, the USSR, and the USA). It resulted in devastating losses and atrocities, particularly the Holocaust.

A series of systematic, state-sponsored persecutions and killings of 6 million Jews led by Nazi Germany during World War II. It involved forced deportation, imprisonment, and torture in concentration camps.

The system of killing people on a large scale, specifically used to describe the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany against Jews and other minority groups during World War II.

A period of time in which the economy stagnates, with high unemployment, low productivity, and a decline in economic activity.