PH 12 Drugs for Pain Management
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Questions and Answers

Which type of pain is usually related to an injury and ends within an expected time frame?

  • Chronic pain
  • Addiction
  • Analgesic
  • Acute pain (correct)

    • What is the term for a psychological dependence in which there is a desperate need to have and use a drug for a nonmedical reason?

  • Analgesic
  • Addiction (correct)
  • Acute pain
  • Chronic pain

    • What are drugs that have the specific purpose of relieving pain either by changing the patient's perception of pain or by reducing painful stimulation at its source called?

  • Dependence
  • Analgesic (correct)
  • Addiction
  • Corticosteroid

    • What is the term for any pain that continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process and does not trigger the stress response?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is usually related to an injury and ends within an expected time frame?

    <p>Acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>It is always present but may vary in intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is pain perceived in the body?

    <p>Pain is recognized in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the perception of pain?

    <p>Anxiety, depression, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is considered the standard for comparing the effectiveness of other pain-management drugs?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what setting are morphine and other strong opioid agonists commonly used for patients with severe pain?

    <p>Hospice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is weaker than morphine and often used in combination with acetaminophen in the outpatient setting?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist is much stronger than morphine?

    <p>Hydromorphone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is usually related to an injury and ends within an expected time frame?

    <p>Acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?

    <p>A subjective experience that cannot be felt or measured by someone else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why people go to a healthcare provider?

    <p>To seek relief from pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute pain?

    <p>Adaptation to the pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for the pain relief and euphoria produced by morphine and other opioid agonists?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common side effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>Constipation and sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is available as a continuous-release transdermal patch?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the endogenous opioids produced by the brain?

    <p>Endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is specifically prescribed for pain management depending on the type of pain being experienced, the cause of the pain, pain intensity, expected duration of the pain, and the patient's perception of the pain?

    <p>Nonopioid centrally acting analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic chemical from which the synthetic opioid analgesics hydrocodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, and oxycodone have been developed?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT an example of nondrug therapy techniques used for pain management?

    <p>Administration of analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main categories of drugs used for pain management?

    <p>Opioid agonists, opioid agonist-antagonists, nonopioid centrally acting analgesics, and miscellaneous analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious adverse reaction to opioid agonist analgesics?

    <p>Excessive sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a serious adverse reaction occurs with an opioid agonist?

    <p>Lower the drug dose or discontinue the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of an opioid agonist overdose?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which emergency situations can naloxone or naltrexone be given without a prescription?

    <p>Intravenous administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of naloxone or naltrexone in reversing the effects of an opioid agonist overdose?

    <p>They block mu opioid receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are older adults more susceptible to adverse effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>They have decreased liver and/or kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of pain is often hard to relieve, may interfere with activities of daily living, and greatly reduces quality of life?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pain that continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain has a constant presence but may vary in intensity?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pain that is specific to a body area that is easy to identify and describe?

    <p>Nociceptive pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process and does not trigger the stress response?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a psychological dependence in which there is a desperate need to have and use a drug for a nonmedical reason?

    <p>Addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is considered the standard for comparing the effectiveness of other pain-management drugs?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are older adults more susceptible to adverse effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>They have impaired kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute pain?

    <p>It triggers the stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug-related metabolism problem that causes the same amount of drug to have less effect over time?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of drugs used for pain management?

    <p>Opioid antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pain threshold?

    <p>The smallest amount of tissue damage that makes a person aware of having pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is specifically prescribed for pain management depending on the type of pain being experienced, the cause of the pain, pain intensity, expected duration of the pain, and the patient's perception of the pain?

    <p>Opioid agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are drugs that have the specific purpose of relieving pain either by changing the patient's perception of pain or by reducing painful stimulation at its source called?

    <p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?

    <p>An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which emergency situations can naloxone or naltrexone be given without a prescription?

    <p>In cases of opioid overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is available as a continuous-release transdermal patch?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common side effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>Sleepiness and constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>It is usually related to an injury and ends within an expected time frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are older adults more susceptible to adverse effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>They are more likely to have comorbidities and take multiple medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is much stronger than morphine?

    <p>Hydromorphone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equianalgesic dose of codeine needed to achieve equal pain relief as 30 mg of oral morphine?

    <p>30 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is often used in combination with acetaminophen in the outpatient setting?

    <p>Hydrocodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for oxycodone (Endocodone, Oxaydo, OxyContin)?

    <p>10-30 mg every 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious adverse reaction to opioid agonist analgesics?

    <p>Severe hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of naloxone or naltrexone in reversing the effects of an opioid agonist overdose?

    <p>To bind tightly to the mu opioid receptors and block them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for naloxone when given as an intranasal spray?

    <p>Intranasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is more likely to have reduced ability to metabolize and excrete opioid agonists?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a serious adverse reaction occurs with an opioid agonist?

    <p>Lower the drug dose or discontinue the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of overdose for opioid agonist analgesics that require immediate medical attention?

    <p>Respirations of 8 or less per minute and very low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is often used in combination with acetaminophen in the outpatient setting?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is much stronger than morphine?

    <p>Oxymorphone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is the main drug with which all other pain-management drugs are compared for effectiveness?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is NOT recommended due to its high potential for abuse?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common type of drug used to manage pain?

    <p>Antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of chronic pain?

    <p>Pain that continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible side effect of opioid agonists?

    <p>Decreased gastrointestinal motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a psychological dependence in which there is a desperate need to have and use a drug for a nonmedical reason?

    <p>Addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for the pain relief and euphoria produced by morphine and other opioid agonists?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the endogenous opioids produced by the brain?

    <p>Endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what setting are morphine and other strong opioid agonists commonly used for patients with severe pain?

    <p>Postoperative pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common side effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>Sleepiness (sedation) and constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is described as continual aching and is hard to locate?

    <p>Visceral pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pain that continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cancer pain?

    <p>Organ compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pain recognized or perceived?

    <p>In the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an opioid agonist analgesic?

    <p>Naltrexone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a category of nonopioid centrally acting analgesics?

    <p>Tramadol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of pain management?

    <p>Avoid using analgesics with nondrug therapy techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>It persists beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is usually related to an injury and ends within an expected time frame?

    <p>Acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for any pain that continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process and does not trigger the stress response?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest amount of tissue damage that makes a person aware of having pain?

    <p>Pain threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is specifically prescribed for pain management depending on the type of pain being experienced, the cause of the pain, pain intensity, expected duration of the pain, and the patient's perception of the pain?

    <p>Opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious adverse reaction to opioid agonist analgesics?

    <p>Excessive sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why people go to a healthcare provider?

    <p>To address health concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for the pain relief and euphoria produced by morphine and other opioid agonists?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most common side effects of opioid agonists?

    <p>Tachycardia and diaphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equianalgesic dose of codeine needed to achieve equal pain relief as 30 mg of oral morphine?

    <p>60 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a serious adverse reaction occurs with an opioid agonist?

    <p>Lower the drug dose or discontinue the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is continuous and does not have an identifiable cause?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cancer pain?

    <p>Nerve compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pain recognized or perceived?

    <p>In the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the perception of pain?

    <p>Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is weaker than morphine and often used in combination with acetaminophen in the outpatient setting?

    <p>Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equianalgesic dose of hydromorphone compared to oral morphine?

    <p>4 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is NOT recommended for use due to its high potential for abuse?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range of oxycodone for immediate release?

    <p>5-30 mg every 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>Chronic pain continues beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a psychological dependence in which there is a desperate need to have and use a drug for a nonmedical reason?

    <p>Addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is often used in combination with acetaminophen in the outpatient setting?

    <p>Hydrocodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for the pain relief and euphoria produced by morphine and other opioid agonists?

    <p>Mu receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for dysphoria and hallucinations when activated by a drug?

    <p>Kappa receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an expected side effect of opioid agonist analgesics?

    <p>Increased pupil size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid agonist analgesic is commonly used preoperatively to treat pain from injury or other disease processes?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main opioid receptors in the brain and other areas?

    <p>Mu, kappa, and delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is considered a high-alert drug due to the increased risk of patient harm if given in error?

    <p>Opioid agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analgesic drug category includes a variety of drug types that have other purposes but also help reduce pain?

    <p>Miscellaneous analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opioid is considered the basic chemical from which synthetic opioid analgesics like hydrocodone and oxycodone have been developed?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of pain management emphasizes the need to believe the patient and family in their reports of pain and what relieves it?

    <p>Choose pain-management options appropriate for the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about pain threshold?

    <p>It is the point at which a person first feels any pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between acute pain and chronic pain?

    <p>Acute pain is related to recent surgery or trauma, while chronic pain lasts beyond the expected time frame of an acute injury process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?

    <p>An unpleasant sensation or emotion that produces or might produce tissue damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of opioids in pain management?

    <p>They alter the perception of pain and have the potential to induce dependence and addiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of overdose for opioid agonist analgesics?

    <p>Rapid breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a serious adverse reaction occurs with an opioid agonist?

    <p>Lower the drug dose or discontinue the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used to reverse the effects of an opioid agonist overdose?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is more likely to have impaired metabolism and excretion of opioid agonists?

    <p>Elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration for naloxone is considered less reliable?

    <p>Intranasal spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of opioid antagonists like naloxone or naltrexone in reversing the effects of an opioid agonist overdose?

    <p>To bind to mu opioid receptors and block them</p> Signup and view all the answers

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