10 Questions
Which type of pain serves as a warning of dysfunction and leads to protective behavioral changes?
Acute pain
Which type of pain does not serve a biological function and imposes severe detrimental stress?
Chronic pain
Which type of pain can be the result of primary tumor growth, metastatic disease, or adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment?
Cancer-related pain
Which type of pain originates from injury or post-injury damage to the central or peripheral nervous systems and is possibly associated with motor, sensory, or autonomic deficits?
Neuropathic pain
What is the process of converting stimuli into an action potential or nerve signal at the level of specialized receptors or free nerve endings?
Transduction
Which type of fibers transmit immediate sharp pain due to their small diameter and thin myelin sheath?
A-delta fibers
What is the process of augmenting or suppressing nociceptive information?
Modulation
Where do A-delta and C-fibers mainly terminate in the spinal cord's dorsal horn?
Lamina I and II
What refers to the neuroanatomic changes that result in heightened or exaggerated pain states?
Wind-up
Why is the efficacy of opioids especially limited in exaggerated pain states?
Downregulation of opioid receptors in the brain stem
Study Notes
Pain Types
- Nociceptive pain serves as a warning of dysfunction and leads to protective behavioral changes.
- Pathological pain does not serve a biological function and imposes severe detrimental stress.
Cancer Pain
- Cancer pain can be the result of primary tumor growth, metastatic disease, or adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Neuropathic Pain
- Neuropathic pain originates from injury or post-injury damage to the central or peripheral nervous systems and is possibly associated with motor, sensory, or autonomic deficits.
Transduction
- Transduction is the process of converting stimuli into an action potential or nerve signal at the level of specialized receptors or free nerve endings.
Nerve Fibers
- A-delta fibers transmit immediate sharp pain due to their small diameter and thin myelin sheath.
Modulation
- Modulation is the process of augmenting or suppressing nociceptive information.
Neuroanatomy
- A-delta and C-fibers mainly terminate in the spinal cord's dorsal horn.
Central Sensitization
- Central sensitization refers to the neuroanatomic changes that result in heightened or exaggerated pain states.
Opioid Efficacy
- The efficacy of opioids is especially limited in exaggerated pain states due to central sensitization.
Test your knowledge on different types of pain experienced by vertebrates and some invertebrates, including acute, chronic, cancer-related, and neuropathic pain. Explore the biological function of acute pain as a warning mechanism.
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