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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of calmodulin in the cell?
What is the primary source of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere?
What is the effect of excess carbon dioxide on the ocean?
What is the defining characteristic of a cell?
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What is the role of calmodulin in muscle contraction?
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What is the relationship between autotrophic organisms and carbon dioxide?
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Study Notes
Calmodulin
- Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.
- It interacts with many proteins in the cell, regulating or affecting various cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation, intracellular signaling, fertilization, and muscle contraction.
- Calmodulin is part of a protein family that includes troponin C, another essential calcium-binding protein involved in muscle contraction.
The Carbon Cycle
- The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon moves through Earth's systems, influenced by living things, atmospheric changes, ocean chemistry, and geologic activity.
- Carbon levels are at an all-time high, primarily due to human activities.
- Carbon dioxide is released by organisms during glucose breakdown and by decaying organic matter, geological processes, and fossil fuel burning.
- Autotrophic organisms like plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to create glucose.
- Excess carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, leading to ocean acidification, which may have contributed to mass extinctions.
Cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest known entity that performs all life's functions.
- All living organisms are either single cells or multicellular organisms composed of many cells working together.
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Description
Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein that plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including regulation of the cell cycle, intracellular signalling, and muscle contraction. It interacts with many proteins in the cell and acts as a regulator or effector molecule.
