14 Questions
What is responsible for phosphorylating the myosin light chain in smooth muscle cells?
Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK)
What facilitates the dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain, leading to muscle relaxation?
Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP)
What initiates the power stroke in smooth muscle contraction?
Cross-bridges pulling actin filaments
How does intracellular calcium concentration increase in smooth muscle cells?
Entry of extracellular calcium through channels in the cell membrane or release of calcium from intracellular stores
What regulatory protein does calcium bind to in smooth muscle cells?
Calmodulin
What system innervates smooth muscle, consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Autonomic Nervous System
What type of energy is required for the process of smooth muscle contraction?
ATP-dependent energy
What leads to the formation of cross-bridges between the thick and thin filaments in smooth muscle cells?
Phosphorylated myosin binding to actin
Which neurotransmitter is released from sympathetic nerve terminals to influence smooth muscle contraction?
Epinephrine
What effect does nitric oxide (NO) have on smooth muscle in blood vessels?
Causes relaxation
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is local to the gastrointestinal tract?
Enteric Nervous System
What hormone can modulate smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels?
Angiotensin II
Which hormone can stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction depending on the receptor subtype and tissue involved?
Epinephrine
The activation of which enzyme leads to muscle contraction in response to sympathetic stimulation?
Myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)
Learn about the process of smooth muscle contraction, including the role of calcium entry and calmodulin activation. Explore the influence of nervous and hormonal inputs on this physiological process.
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