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Questions and Answers
Callus culture is exclusively used for the conservation of rare and endangered plant species, limiting its applications in other areas of plant biotechnology.
Callus culture is exclusively used for the conservation of rare and endangered plant species, limiting its applications in other areas of plant biotechnology.
False (B)
The process of organogenesis in callus culture involves the development of embryo-like structures, bypassing the formation of shoots and roots.
The process of organogenesis in callus culture involves the development of embryo-like structures, bypassing the formation of shoots and roots.
False (B)
During callus culture, explants are sterilized primarily to introduce beneficial microbes that enhance callus growth and differentiation.
During callus culture, explants are sterilized primarily to introduce beneficial microbes that enhance callus growth and differentiation.
False (B)
In callus culture, if the nutrient medium lacks both auxins and cytokinins, the explant will preferentially undergo somatic embryogenesis.
In callus culture, if the nutrient medium lacks both auxins and cytokinins, the explant will preferentially undergo somatic embryogenesis.
The primary purpose of subculturing in callus culture is to decrease the concentration of nutrients available to the callus, which promotes controlled growth and differentiation.
The primary purpose of subculturing in callus culture is to decrease the concentration of nutrients available to the callus, which promotes controlled growth and differentiation.
Flashcards
Callus Culture
Callus Culture
Undifferentiated plant cells grown in vitro under sterile conditions.
Explant
Explant
Leaf, stem, root, or meristem used to initiate callus culture.
Auxins
Auxins
Plant hormones that promote cell division in callus culture.
Differentiation
Differentiation
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Micropropagation
Micropropagation
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Study Notes
- Callus culture is a plant tissue culture technique.
- It involves growing a mass of undifferentiated plant cells (callus) in vitro under sterile conditions.
- This method is used for plant regeneration, genetic modification, and secondary metabolite production.
Steps in Callus Culture
- Explant Selection: A small piece of plant tissue (leaf, stem, root, or meristem) is chosen.
- Sterilization: The explant is disinfected to remove microbes.
- Induction of Callus Formation: The explant is placed on a nutrient medium.
- The medium contains auxins (e.g., 2,4-D, NAA) that promote cell division.
- The medium contains cytokinins (e.g., BAP, Kinetin) that help with cell differentiation later.
- Subculturing: The callus is transferred to fresh media periodically for continued growth.
- Differentiation (Organogenesis/Somatic Embryogenesis): Callus can be stimulated to develop into shoots and roots (organogenesis).
- Callus can also be stimulated to develop into embryo-like structures (somatic embryogenesis).
- Plantlet Transfer: The regenerated plantlets are moved to soil for acclimatization.
Applications of Callus Culture
- Micropropagation: Used for the mass production of genetically identical plants.
- Genetic Engineering: Callus can be used for gene transfer (e.g., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation).
- Production of Secondary Metabolites: Medicinal compounds like alkaloids and flavonoids can be extracted from callus cultures.
- Conservation of Rare/Endangered Species: Helps in preserving plant biodiversity.
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Description
Callus culture is a plant tissue culture technique used to grow undifferentiated plant cells (callus) in vitro. It involves explant selection, sterilization, and placement on a nutrient medium with auxins and cytokinins to promote cell division and differentiation. The callus is then subcultured for continued growth and can be stimulated for organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis.
