Calf Nutrition and Feeding Systems Quiz

Milk replacers generally have less fat and more lactose compared to whole milk.

Automatic feeding systems are efficient and promote consistency in feeding.

Bottle feeding allows controlled feeding and individual attention to each calf.

<p>Individual attention may be compromised when using automatic feeding systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent small feedings mimic natural nursing behavior, aiding digestion and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent small feedings require more labor compared to less frequent large feedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows animals to self-regulate; promotes optimal growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offers better control over the amount consumed, reducing the risk of overconsumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.8-0.9kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.0-1.4kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MALT stands for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and it initiates immune responses to antigens and pathogens found on mucosal surfaces in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue protects the nasopharynx and upper respiratory system, while bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue protects the bronchial regions of the lower respiratory tract on the pathway to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of antigens across the epithelium (usually by specialized M cells) to be taken up by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, where they can be recognized by B and T cells, stimulating a rapid immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depending on the type of stress present, it can be either beneficial or detrimental to the animal's immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress can influence the animal's immune response, potentially affecting its ability to mount an effective defense against pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphoid tissues play a key role in handling airborne microbes, stopping the progression of pathogens further into the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calf pneumonia vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased from 29% to 43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may have developed immunological resistance to the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dictyocaulus viviparus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination can help prevent infection and reduce disease spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dairy, beef, and sheep sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination or anthelmintics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two doses of irradiated infective larvae 4 weeks apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 2 weeks before the start of grazing or exposure to probable infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent clinical disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some vaccinated animals may become mildly infected, leading to larvae excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damp and warm conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2m^3/s/ton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing and respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By eating grass contaminated with infective larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strength of immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test faeces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs with a stethoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress, underlying viral infection, new bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method of supplementing diet, offered to young livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calf respiratory disease can lead to increased treatment costs, reduced growth rates, and lower market value of affected animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges may include resistance to change from farmers, financial constraints, lack of resources, and adapting to new practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Client confidentiality can be breached through inadvertent disclosure in conversations, leaving documents unsecured, or discussing cases in non-private areas. To avoid this, always ensure sensitive information is kept secure, avoid discussing cases in public, and be cautious with electronic communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commonly used housing options include purpose-built structures, individual hutches, and group hutches. Individual housing promotes calf health but group housing is preferred for welfare reasons, reduced labor input, and space requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual housing provides better disease control, personalized care, reduced competition for resources, and less stress on calves, contributing to improved health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group housing is encouraged for welfare reasons and allows for reduced labor input and space requirements, leading to lower costs. Additionally, it promotes social interactions among calves and reduces stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common housing options include hutches, pens, and group pens. Hutches provide individual housing but require more space, while group pens allow for social interaction but may pose infection risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper critical temperature for calves is around 25°C, and lower critical temperature is around 10°C. Calf jackets can help maintain body heat in colder temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate stocking density is around 35 square feet per calf. Strategies to reduce density can include optimizing space layout, implementing group housing, or utilizing outdoor areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving towards sustainable ruminant production is necessary to reduce environmental impact, improve animal welfare, and ensure long-term viability of the industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newborn calves require colostrum within the first few hours, warm and dry housing, and proper hygiene to prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wyedale milk feeders are used for calf feeding, while Yorkshire boards are commonly used in agricultural buildings for construction purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair in nasal cavity, ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptors that recognize pathogens breaching the physical barrier of mucosal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small peptides with cytotoxic effect on bacteria and viruses, anti-inflammatory activity, and other functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing immunity by recognizing and responding to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By having cilia to trap foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By producing mucus that traps foreign substances and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers