Calculating Percentage and Parts per Million in Solutions

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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of molarity?

  • mol L^–1 (correct)
  • M (molar)
  • mol kg^–1
  • g/mol

How is molality defined?

  • Number of moles of solvent per 1000 g or 1 kg of solute
  • Number of moles of solute per 1000 g or 1 kg of solvent (correct)
  • Number of moles of solute per mole of solvent
  • Number of moles of solute per litre of solution

Which property does not change with temperature according to the text?

  • Mole fraction (correct)
  • Molality
  • Normality
  • Mass percentage

What is the unit of molality?

<p>mol kg^–1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mass percentage calculated?

<p>(mass of solute / total mass) x 100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating mass percentage of a solute in a solution?

<p>Mass of solute in the solution × 100 / Total mass of the solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage is commonly used in medicine and pharmacy?

<p>Mass by volume percentage of a solute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is parts per million (ppm) defined?

<p>Parts of a component per million parts of the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ppm expresses the concentration by relating the mass of a component to the total mass of the solution?

<p>Mass to mass ppm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating mole fraction?

<p>(Number of moles of a specific component) / Total number of moles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sum of mole fractions of all components in a solution always add up to?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating mole fraction of a component?

<p>x = Number of moles of the component / Total number of moles of all the components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate Molarity (M)?

<p>M = Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution in Litre (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Normality (N) represent in a solution?

<p>Number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Mass Percentage calculated in a solution?

<p>Mass percentage = Mass of solute / Total mass of the solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Molarity (M) and Molality (m)?

<p>M = Molar mass × 1000 / Molality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Molality (m) related to Mole fraction of solute (χB)?

<p>$m= χ B × 1000 / (1 − χ B ) × M A$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Concentration of Solutions

  • W% (Mass percentage) is defined as the mass of solute in the solution per 100 g of the solution.
  • W% = (Mass of solute in the solution × 100) / Total mass of the solution

Volume Percentage

  • V% (Volume percentage) is defined as the volume of solute dissolved per 100 mL of solution.
  • V% = (Volume of solute × 100) / Total volume of the solution

Mass by Volume Percentage

  • w% (Mass by volume percentage) is defined as the mass of solute dissolved per 100 mL of solution.
  • w% = (Mass of solute × 100) / Volume of solution

Parts Per Million (ppm)

  • ppm is defined as the parts of a component per million (10^6) parts of the solution.
  • ppm can be expressed in three ways: mass to mass, volume to volume, and mass to volume.

Mole Fraction

  • Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of a particular component to the total number of moles of all the components.
  • χA = nA / (nA + nB), where nA is the number of moles of component A and nB is the number of moles of component B.

Key Formulae

  • Mole fraction of a component = x1 = n1 / (n1 + n2)
  • Molarity (M) = Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution in Litre
  • Molality (m) = Number of moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg
  • Normality (N) = Number of gram equivalents of solute / Volume of solution in Litre

Relationships between Concentration Terms

  • Relationship between Molarity (M) and Molality (m): dM / (1 - B) = M / 1000m
  • Relationship between Mole fraction of solute (χB) and Molality (m): m = χB × 1000 / (1 - χB) × MA

Molarity and Molality

  • Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.

  • M = WB × 1000 / MB × V

  • Unit of Molarity is mol L^-1 or M (molar).

  • Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of solute per 1000 g or 1 kg of solvent.

  • m = WB × 1000 / MB × W

  • Unit of Molality is mol kg^-1 or molal (m).

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