Calculating CVI in Research Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the four-point Likert scale in content validity?

To determine the equivalence of items in an instrument (correct)

To assess the criterion-related validity of a test

To evaluate the predictive validity of a test

To calculate the CVI value

What is the minimum CVI value required for an item to be considered valid?

0.50

0.70

0.95

0.80 (correct)

What type of validity involves correlating a test with a criterion variable?

Content validity

Face validity

Criterion-related validity (correct)

Construct validity

What is an example of predictive validity?

The Barthel Index predicting performance in ADL Signup and view all the answers

What type of validity is assessed when a test is compared to a criterion variable at the same time?

Concurrent validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the CVI value?

To assess the content validity of an instrument Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum factor loading value required in confirmatory factor analysis?

0.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of confirmatory factor analysis?

To confirm if the items are measuring what they are supposed to measure Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum value for the total variance explained in factor analysis?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a measure to consistently produce the same results?

Reliability Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum value for the KMO value in factor analysis?

0.7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degree to which a measure is actually measuring what it claims to measure?

Validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum number of factors to be extracted in factor analysis?

1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the correlation between multiple constructs?

Discriminant validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the consistency of ratings between two or more observers?

Interobserver reliability Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure used to assess inter-observer reliability?

Kappa coefficient Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable range for the corrected Item-Total correlation?

0.30 < r < 0.85 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the correlation between the responses at two time points?

Correlation coefficient Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal Cronbach's alpha value?

> 0.70 Signup and view all the answers

What is the range for fair agreement according to the Kappa coefficient?

0.21–0.40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale used to interpret the Kappa coefficient?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the correlation between the items in a set of measures?

Interitem reliability Signup and view all the answers

What does a test with 100% sensitivity indicate?

The test correctly identifies all patients with the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a true positive in a clinical test?

The patient has the disease and the test is positive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is NOT a way to increase the sensitivity of a clinical test?

Using a test that is 100% specific Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of kappa testing in assessing the reliability of a clinical test?

To measure the internal consistency of the test Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values for a correlation coefficient in measuring reliability?

-1 to +1 Signup and view all the answers

What does a test with 80% specificity indicate?

The test correctly identifies 80% of patients without the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a false positive in a clinical test?

The patient does not have the disease but the test is positive Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum test-retest reliability value considered to be quite good?

+0.6 Signup and view all the answers

What is reliability in research?

The ability to reproduce a consistent result in time and space, or from different observers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of test-retest reliability?

To measure the stability of a measuring instrument over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the problem with having a too short interim in test-retest reliability?

Respondents may remember and simply repeat their previous responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of kappa statistics of agreement (κ)?

To measure the agreement between raters Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of kappa (κ) when the raters are in complete agreement?

1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC)?

To measure the agreement between raters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of correlating the scores in test-retest reliability?

To find the correlation between the responses at the two time points Signup and view all the answers

What is the problem with having a too long interim in test-retest reliability?

Real change in behavior may have occurred between the two tests Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Content Validity

Consists of a four-point Likert scale to assess the equivalence of items
Items are scored as:
- 1: Non-equivalent item
- 2: Item needs extensive revision
- 3: Equivalent item, needs minor adjustments
- 4: Totally equivalent item
CVI (Content Validity Index) is calculated by adding scores 3 and 4 and dividing by the total number of answers
CVI should be at least 0.80 and preferably higher than 0.90

A measure of how well a test predicts what it is designed to predict
Involves correlation between the test and a criterion variable (or variables)
Two types:
- Predictive validity: If the test accurately predicts what it is supposed to predict
- Concurrent validity: When the predictor and criterion data are collected at the same time

Construct Validity

Concerns whether the items are measuring what they are supposed to measure
Confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with AMOS software
Key factors to consider:
- Model fit indices
- Convergence (factor loadings, AVE, and CR)
- Discriminant validity (correlation between constructs)

Reliability

Refers to the consistency and dependability of a measure
Concerns whether the indicator measures something consistently and reproducibly
Types of reliability:
- Test-retest reliability: Stability of measuring instruments over time
- Interitem (internal consistency) reliability: Consistency of multiple items measuring the same concept
- Interobserver/inter-rater reliability: Agreement between multiple observers using the same measure

Test-Retest Reliability

Measured using:
- Kappa statistics of agreement (κ)
- Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC)
- Correlation between responses at two time points (r value)

Interitem (Internal Consistency) Reliability

Measured using:
- Correlation between items (0.30 < r < 0.85)
- Corrected Item-Total correlation (>0.30)
- Cronbach's Alpha (>0.7)

Interobserver/Inter-rater Reliability

Measured using:
- Kappa statistics of agreement (κ)

Sensitivity and Specificity

Sensitivity: Ability of a test to correctly identify patients with the disease
Specificity: Ability of a test to correctly identify patients without the disease
Strategies for increasing sensitivity:
- Improving understandability and cultural validity
- Assuring that the measure covers the full range of the latent construct
- Eliminating redundant items
- Maximizing sensitivity of the device used to collect responses
- Asking directly about change

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Description

Learn how to calculate the Content Validity Index (CVI) in research methods, a crucial step in ensuring the validity of survey instruments. Understand the four-point Likert scale and how to revise or remove items.