Calcium Preparations and Clinical Implications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are common side effects of calcium supplements?

Headache and dizziness

Nausea and diarrhea

Abdominal distention and constipation (correct)

Muscle weakness and joint pain

What is the recommended action after taking alendronate?

Engage in vigorous exercise

Report adverse effects to the health care provider immediately (correct)

Lie down for at least 30 minutes

Consume food or beverages immediately

When is it recommended to take a calcium supplement with vitamin D?

After exercising

On an empty stomach

With meals or with a beverage high in vitamin C (correct)

Before bedtime

Which drug is used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture?

Denosumab (Prolia) Signup and view all the answers

What does meta-analysis findings demonstrate about vitamin D in primary prevention of fractures?

Vitamin D taken alone is not effective Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin in hypercalcemia?

Inhibit bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

In addition to calcium, what other supplement reduces the risk of fractures in vitamin D deficient patients?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is administered subcutaneously at 6-month intervals?

Denosumab (Prolia) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended posture for a person after taking alendronate?

Sitting upright in a chair Signup and view all the answers

What type of drugs should calcium and vitamin D be taken as supplements to?

Drugs prescribed to treat osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is no longer recommended, but synthetic human PTH analogues are used in patients with advanced osteoporosis or who are treatment resistant?

Salmon egg based PTH Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of bisphosphonates?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when administering IV calcium preparations?

Administer IV calcium preparations slowly to avoid dysrhythmias and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is a good source of dietary calcium?

Milk, yogurt, and various vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Why is treatment of hypomagnesemia essential before treating hypocalcemia?

Hypomagnesemia can lead to hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to manage hypocalcemia?

Managing the underlying cause or preventing recurrence Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive vitamin D use lead to?

Hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Why should calcium supplements be avoided with certain medications and foods?

To prevent interference with the absorption of calcium Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential consequences of vitamin D excess?

Kidney stones, irreversible kidney damage, and muscle and bone weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication to vitamin D?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for patients on long-term alendronate therapy?

Esophagitis, dysphagia, esophageal ulcers, and atypical femur fracture Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to prevent interactions and ensure proper administration of alendronate?

It must be taken with a full glass of water at least 30 minutes before breakfast Signup and view all the answers

What are bisphosphonates like alendronate used to prevent and treat?

Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What are some patient teaching guidelines for vitamin D?

Emphasize approved use, recognizing early symptoms of intoxication, and understanding dietary sources and sunlight exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended posture for a person after taking calcium medications?

Sitting upright Signup and view all the answers

Where does the absorption of calcium primarily occur?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What are the rare side effects associated with calcium preparations?

Osteonecrosis of the jaw and subtrochanteric fractures Signup and view all the answers

Which population is hypocalcemia uncommon in?

Older adults Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential use of IV calcium preparations?

Treatment of acute, severe hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What may patients with renal impairment use calcium acetate for?

To prevent or treat hyperphosphatemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Calcium Preparations and Their Clinical Implications

Medications must be taken on an empty stomach, with water, and the person must sit upright for at least 30 minutes after ingestion
Risks of using these medications include gastritis, ulceration, and GI bleeding
Rare side effects include osteonecrosis of the jaw and subtrochanteric fractures
Calcium is available in different forms and routes of administration
Absorption of calcium occurs in the small intestine, where approximately one third of the amount consumed is absorbed
Oral and IV calcium preparations help maintain normal calcium levels
Oral calcium provides relief from symptoms of acid indigestion and heartburn, decreases bone loss, and fractures, especially in women
IV calcium is essential for the treatment of acute, severe hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia is uncommon in older adults, but calcium deficiency commonly occurs due to dietary deficiencies and impaired absorption
Patients with renal impairment may use calcium acetate to prevent or treat hyperphosphatemia
Adverse effects of hypercalcemia include GI effects, central nervous system effects, cardiac effects, weakness, and decreased tone in muscles
Various medications and foods interact with calcium supplements, increasing or decreasing their effects

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Description

Test your knowledge about calcium preparations and their clinical implications with this quiz. Explore the different forms and routes of administration, absorption, risks, benefits, and interactions of calcium medications. Assess your understanding of the management and treatment of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia, as well as the impact of calcium deficiency in older adults and patients with renal impairment.