Calcium and Vitamin D Preparations

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Questions and Answers

Which medication is administered intravenously once a year?

Zoledronic acid

What is the primary function of calcitonin in the treatment of hypercalcemia?

Inhibiting bone resorption

Which drug is used to prevent skeletal-related events in bone metastases from solid tumors?

Denosumab

What is the recommended timing for taking alendronate?

At least 30 minutes after waking up Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of bisphosphonates?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture?

Denosumab Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of calcium supplements?

Abdominal distention and constipation Signup and view all the answers

When is it recommended to take a calcium supplement with vitamin D for optimal absorption?

With meals or with a beverage high in vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What is the finding of meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness of vitamin D in primary prevention of fractures?

Vitamin D taken alone is not effective Signup and view all the answers

In addition to calcium and vitamin D supplements, what other type of drugs are prescribed to treat osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonates, estrogen agonist/antagonists, and RANKL inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is no longer recommended for patients who only have evidence of osteopenia without reaching the precise DEXA scores that define osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonate therapy Signup and view all the answers

What type of PTH analogues are used in patients with advanced osteoporosis or who are treatment resistant?

Synthetic human PTH analogues Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for calcium preparations?

Barrett esophagus Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the body does absorption of calcium occur?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is a reported rare side effect of calcium preparations?

Osteonecrosis of the jaw Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential treatment for acute, severe hypocalcemia?

IV calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of calcium deficiency in older adults?

Impaired absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is an adverse effect of hypercalcemia?

Weakness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of hypercalcemia discussed in the text?

Muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for vitamin D, as per the text?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing implication for vitamin D, as mentioned in the text?

Assessing for therapeutic effects and adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of alendronate, according to the text?

Esophagitis Signup and view all the answers

When is it not recommended to use alendronate, based on the text?

Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] < 35 mL/min) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key patient teaching guideline for vitamin D, according to the text?

Taking supplements only if recommended by a healthcare provider Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key guideline for patient teaching regarding calcium preparations?

Consulting a healthcare provider before taking supplements and consuming good sources of dietary calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for administering IV calcium preparations?

Administering slowly as a continuous infusion or in divided doses to prevent dysrhythmias and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment sequence for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia?

Treating hypomagnesemia before hypocalcemia for effective calcium treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a key use of Vitamin D in medical treatment?

Chronic hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and osteoporosis treatment Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive vitamin D use lead to?

Hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

Why is calcitriol (Rocaltrol) preferable for treating osteomalacia associated with renal impairment?

Due to its active form and no metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Calcium and Vitamin D Preparations: Key Points

Administer IV calcium preparations slowly as a continuous infusion or in divided doses to prevent dysrhythmias and hypotension
IV calcium solutions can cause tissue irritation, so the IV site should be carefully observed during administration
Relief of symptoms of neuromuscular irritability and tetany should be observed for therapeutic effects of calcium preparations
Treatment of the underlying cause of hypocalcemia is essential for stabilization
Hypomagnesemia should be treated before hypocalcemia for effective calcium treatment
Adverse effects of calcium preparations include increased thirst, inability to eat, increased urination, constipation, and abdominal pain
Patient teaching guidelines for calcium preparations include consulting a healthcare provider before taking supplements and consuming good sources of dietary calcium
Calcium supplements should not be taken with iron, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, or phenytoin
Vitamin D is used in chronic hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and osteoporosis treatment
Vitamin D is absorbed from the GI tract, stored in the liver and other tissues, and metabolized into its active form in the liver and kidneys
Excessive vitamin D use can lead to hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia
Calcitriol (Rocaltrol) is preferable for treating osteomalacia associated with renal impairment due to its active form and no metabolism

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