Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
- Coenzyme for coagulation factors
- Intracellular second messenger for hormone secretion
- Structural support for bones and teeth (correct)
- Control of excitability and nerve impulses
Which form of calcium in the plasma is considered physiologically active?
Which form of calcium in the plasma is considered physiologically active?
- Bound to phosphates
- Complexed with citrates
- Protein-bound to albumin
- Ionized (Ca2+) (correct)
What happens if there are derangements in calcium metabolism?
What happens if there are derangements in calcium metabolism?
- Hypernatremia
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
- Hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium in the body?
What percentage of calcium in the plasma is protein-bound to albumin?
What percentage of calcium in the plasma is protein-bound to albumin?
Which mineral is the most abundant in the body after calcium?
Which mineral is the most abundant in the body after calcium?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a signaling pathway activated by the binding of PTH to its receptor?
Which of the following is NOT a signaling pathway activated by the binding of PTH to its receptor?
What is the primary effect of PTH on the kidney?
What is the primary effect of PTH on the kidney?
What is the primary mechanism by which an increase in plasma calcium concentration suppresses PTH secretion?
What is the primary mechanism by which an increase in plasma calcium concentration suppresses PTH secretion?
What is the difference between the rapid and delayed actions of PTH on bone?
What is the difference between the rapid and delayed actions of PTH on bone?
What is the primary mechanism by which PTH increases plasma calcium levels?
What is the primary mechanism by which PTH increases plasma calcium levels?
What is the primary stimulus that leads to the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the primary stimulus that leads to the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the mechanism by which decreased intestinal absorption of vitamin D leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the mechanism by which decreased intestinal absorption of vitamin D leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the major role of PTH in bone metabolism?
What is the major role of PTH in bone metabolism?
In end-stage renal failure, what is the primary mechanism leading to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
In end-stage renal failure, what is the primary mechanism leading to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
How does PTH affect plasma calcium levels?
How does PTH affect plasma calcium levels?
Which of the following biochemical findings would be expected in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism?
Which of the following biochemical findings would be expected in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism?
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of cholecalciferol in the liver?
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of cholecalciferol in the liver?
What is the primary mechanism by which increased intracellular phosphate levels in end-stage renal failure lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the primary mechanism by which increased intracellular phosphate levels in end-stage renal failure lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Where is the 1-alpha hydroxylase enzyme located for the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol?
Where is the 1-alpha hydroxylase enzyme located for the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol?
What is the result of PTH stimulating bone stem cells?
What is the result of PTH stimulating bone stem cells?
What is the net result of vitamin D activation by PTH?
What is the net result of vitamin D activation by PTH?
How does calcitriol promote the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut lumen to the plasma compartment?
How does calcitriol promote the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut lumen to the plasma compartment?
Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting osteoclast activity through increased cAMP concentrations?
Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting osteoclast activity through increased cAMP concentrations?
Why does calcitonin decrease plasma calcium levels?
Why does calcitonin decrease plasma calcium levels?
When is plasma calcitonin elevated?
When is plasma calcitonin elevated?
How does calcitonin protect against calcium loss during pregnancy and lactation?
How does calcitonin protect against calcium loss during pregnancy and lactation?
What is the main target cell for calcitonin's activity?
What is the main target cell for calcitonin's activity?
