Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two commercially grown species of coffee?
What are the two commercially grown species of coffee?
Which country is primarily known for the production of robusta coffee?
Which country is primarily known for the production of robusta coffee?
What process is NOT involved in coffee preparation?
What process is NOT involved in coffee preparation?
What factor influences the final flavor of coffee?
What factor influences the final flavor of coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
In which year was coffee first introduced to Europe?
In which year was coffee first introduced to Europe?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region is considered the native habitat for arabica coffee?
Which region is considered the native habitat for arabica coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following beverages does NOT contain caffeine or theobromine?
Which of the following beverages does NOT contain caffeine or theobromine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the initial annual harvest average for coffee berries per plant?
What is the initial annual harvest average for coffee berries per plant?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary location of coffee cultivation before the Dutch introduced it to Java?
What was the primary location of coffee cultivation before the Dutch introduced it to Java?
Signup and view all the answers
Which climate conditions are optimal for tea cultivation?
Which climate conditions are optimal for tea cultivation?
Signup and view all the answers
What processing method is used for black tea after the leaves are dried?
What processing method is used for black tea after the leaves are dried?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a major producer of tea?
Which of the following is NOT a major producer of tea?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant change occurs during the fermentation of cocoa beans?
What significant change occurs during the fermentation of cocoa beans?
Signup and view all the answers
When did tea become the 'national drink' of England?
When did tea become the 'national drink' of England?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main active stimulant found in cocoa?
What is the main active stimulant found in cocoa?
Signup and view all the answers
What temperature is used for roasting cacao beans during processing?
What temperature is used for roasting cacao beans during processing?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes green tea from black tea in terms of processing?
What distinguishes green tea from black tea in terms of processing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which country was the first to introduce cocoa to Europe?
Which country was the first to introduce cocoa to Europe?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of chocolate contains no cocoa solids?
Which type of chocolate contains no cocoa solids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which two countries are the largest producers of cocoa today?
Which two countries are the largest producers of cocoa today?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following tea types is primarily produced in China and Japan?
Which of the following tea types is primarily produced in China and Japan?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for chocolate's lack of popularity until the mid-1800s?
What is the main reason for chocolate's lack of popularity until the mid-1800s?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of coffee is known for its superior flavor and higher quality?
Which type of coffee is known for its superior flavor and higher quality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average annual harvest of coffee berries per plant?
What is the average annual harvest of coffee berries per plant?
Signup and view all the answers
Which coffee species is primarily used in instant coffee and less expensive blends?
Which coffee species is primarily used in instant coffee and less expensive blends?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factors can influence the flavor of coffee?
Which factors can influence the flavor of coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
Which country is known for being the largest producer of robusta coffee?
Which country is known for being the largest producer of robusta coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
What processing step involves removing defects from fresh coffee berries?
What processing step involves removing defects from fresh coffee berries?
Signup and view all the answers
In which year did coffee first make its way to England?
In which year did coffee first make its way to England?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following regions is primarily associated with the growth of arabica coffee?
Which of the following regions is primarily associated with the growth of arabica coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the original purpose of Lloyd's of London when it began in 1690?
What was the original purpose of Lloyd's of London when it began in 1690?
Signup and view all the answers
Which countries were primarily involved in introducing coffee to different regions?
Which countries were primarily involved in introducing coffee to different regions?
Signup and view all the answers
What temperature is considered optimal for tea cultivation?
What temperature is considered optimal for tea cultivation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason green tea has a lighter flavor compared to black tea?
What is the main reason green tea has a lighter flavor compared to black tea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following processes is used to produce black tea?
Which of the following processes is used to produce black tea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plant is considered the native source of cocoa?
Which plant is considered the native source of cocoa?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary process to reduce bitterness in cocoa during chocolate production?
What is the primary process to reduce bitterness in cocoa during chocolate production?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of tea is primarily produced in China and Japan?
What type of tea is primarily produced in China and Japan?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of chocolate contains cocoa butter but no cocoa solids?
Which type of chocolate contains cocoa butter but no cocoa solids?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant cultural role did cocoa play in Mayan and Aztec societies?
What significant cultural role did cocoa play in Mayan and Aztec societies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which invention in the 1800s significantly improved chocolate production?
Which invention in the 1800s significantly improved chocolate production?
Signup and view all the answers
Which beverage became popular among the British aristocracy by 1690?
Which beverage became popular among the British aristocracy by 1690?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did the British East India Company play in the tea trade?
What role did the British East India Company play in the tea trade?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main climate condition necessary for the successful growth of tea?
What is the main climate condition necessary for the successful growth of tea?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Caffeinated Beverages
- Several plant-derived beverages contain caffeine or theobromine, stimulants that affect metabolism, heart rate, stomach acidity, and metabolic rates.
- Economically important caffeinated beverages include coffee, tea, and cocoa. Cola, maté, and guarana are also popular, particularly in South America.
Coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora)
- Two main species: Arabica and Robusta.
- Arabica coffee, known for superior flavor, is native to Ethiopia, grown extensively in South/Central America, Southeast Asia, and East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya).
- Robusta coffee, more bitter and less flavorful, is native to west-central Africa, mainly used in instant coffee and blends. Grown in Central Africa, Brazil, and Southeast Asia (especially Vietnam).
- Major producers include Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia. Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras) and Africa (Ethiopia, Uganda) also contribute.
- Flavor affected by variety, growing conditions, and processing.
- Processing involves removing defects from berries, removing pulp, fermenting seeds, washing, drying, roasting, and blending.
- First recorded use in the Arabian Peninsula. Venetian merchants introduced coffee to Europe in 1615.
- Coffee became popular across Europe, spreading to France (1640), England (1650), and widespread by the 1700s (London).
- Coffee was initially obtained from Mocha, Yemen, but later from Java (Dutch) and Surinam.
- Introduced to the Caribbean by the French and British (Martinique, Jamaica).
Tea (Camellia sinensis)
- Native to northern India and southern China.
- A medium-sized shrub, pruned for easier harvesting.
- Thrives in tropical to subtropical climates with ample rainfall, stable temperatures around 20°C, and well-drained, slightly acidic soils.
- Largely grown in subtropical mountainous regions. Major producers include China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka.
- Flavor comes from caffeine, essential oils, and tannins.
- Best quality from smallest leaves and buds.
- Two main types: black and green tea.
-
Black Tea (India, Sri Lanka):
- Young leaves are dried for one day.
- Leaves are shredded.
- Oxidation continues until coppery-brown.
- Dried for final product.
-
Green Tea (China, Japan):
- Leaves are partially shredded.
- Quickly dried to minimize oxidation.
- Light flavor, grassy aroma.
- Tea was in use in China for over 3,000 years, Japan for 1,500 years.
- Portuguese discovered tea in 1557, and it reached Europe in the early 1600s (Dutch East India Company).
- Tea became England's national drink by 1750.
- British established tea plantations in India in mid-1800s.
Cocoa or Chocolate (Theobroma cacao)
- Native to South American rainforests.
- Thrives in high humidity, stable temperatures, and rich soil.
- Several varieties: criollo, forastero, trinitario.
- Primarily grown in tropical West Africa (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana), with some production in Indonesia and South America (Brazil, Ecuador).
- Seeds surrounded by sweetish pulp, contained in a pod-like fruit (actually a berry).
- Stimulant is theobromine.
- Processing for Cocoa:
- Harvest fruit; remove beans.
- Ferment pulp for a few days to yield a sticky brown color.
- Dry beans on racks.
- Ship beans for processing in North America/Europe.
- Roast beans.
- Grind into cocoa liquor.
- Remove cocoa butter to produce cocoa press cake.
- Powder and treat cake with alkali ("Dutching").
- Combine cocoa with added cocoa butter, emulsifiers, and sugar (to reduce bitterness) for various chocolate products (dark, milk, white).
- Inexpensive chocolate may have low cocoa content (5-10%).
- Mayan and Aztec civilizations used cocoa in ceremonies.
- Introduced to Europe by Spanish in 1550, initially popular in Europe by the 1650s.
- Popularity increased in the 1800s, revolutionized by the Dutch's method of separating cocoa butter (van Houten).
Cola or Kola Nut (Cola nitida)
- Large understory shrub native to tropical Africa.
- Closely related to cocoa.
- Produces fruit with seeds that contain caffeine.
- Seeds are chewed in West Africa (Nigeria, especially) for stimulation.
- Caffeine and flavour extracted to make cola syrups.
- Major production areas include Nigeria, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the world of caffeinated beverages including coffee, tea, and cocoa. Learn about the different species of coffee plants, their origins, and major producing countries. This quiz delves into the economic significance and flavor profiles of these popular drinks.
