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C227 Computer System Technologies Quiz
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C227 Computer System Technologies Quiz

Created by
@LucidAccordion

Questions and Answers

What does Digital Transformation mean?

Implementing a new technology that will enable completely new processes.

Which of the following are elements of digital transformation? (Select all that apply)

  • Technologies (correct)
  • Customer experience (correct)
  • Physical stores
  • Cultural change (correct)

    • Which of the following are types of virtualization? (Select all that apply)

  • Server Virtualization (correct)
  • Application Virtualization (correct)
  • Network Virtualization (correct)
  • Desktop Virtualization (correct)
  • Storage Virtualization (correct)

    • What is Industry 4.0?

    <p>The use of digital technologies to make manufacturing more agile, flexible, and responsive to customers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital disruption makes older processes or products obsolete.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Hypervisor?

    <p>A piece of computer software or firmware that runs virtual machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technologies are considered disruptive? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Blockchain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of hypervisors?

    <p>Type 1 (Bare-Metal Hypervisor) and Type 2 (Hosted Hypervisor).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of desktop virtualization?

    <p>Less maintenance on actual physical PCs and centralized management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The core Information Communication Technology (ICT) skills needed for digital transformation include ______.

    <p>Programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to introduce digital technologies in business?

    <p>Create digital products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virtualization model is associated with terminal services?

    <p>Presentation Virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CLI stand for?

    <p>Command-Line Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major hardware components in a computer system?

    <p>CPU, Memory, Storage devices, Motherboard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a command-line instruction to change the current directory.

    <p>cd [directory_path]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major functions of an operating system?

    <p>Manage hardware resources, provide a user interface, and facilitate application software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet is owned by a single entity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of virtualization with their descriptions:

    <p>Server Virtualization = Partitioning a physical server into virtual machines. Storage Virtualization = Merging storage from multiple devices. Network Virtualization = Controlling bandwidth by creating independent channels. Desktop Virtualization = Providing desktop environments from remote servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of a computer system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The command 'echo' is used to ____ strings to the screen or a file.

    <p>output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relative paths point to the same location regardless of the current directory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is an example of a disruptive technology.

    <p>Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of virtualization technology?

    <p>To create virtual instances of physical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A laptop must always be fully functional to develop cross-platform applications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four primary functions of a processor?

    <p>Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The instruction cycle is the time taken by the CPU to execute one program instruction and is driven by a stream of _____ pulses.

    <p>clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major function of an operating system?

    <p>Cloud Computing Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state can a process come into after the start state or while running?

    <p>Waiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CPU stand for?

    <p>Central Processing Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the process scheduler is to allocate the processor (CPU) to processes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scheduling algorithms allows for multitasking?

    <p>Round Robin (RR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruction set is used by Intel and AMD?

    <p>Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a PID number?

    <p>Process Identifier number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Faster clock speed always leads to better CPU performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'throughput.'

    <p>The number of bits successfully transmitted per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Round Robin scheduling, each process is activated for a duration of one or more time ______.

    <p>slices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is a program in execution that consists of one or more threads.

    <p>process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multitasking allows more than one process to run concurrently.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperthreading?

    <p>A physical processor simulating two logical processors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following buses with their descriptions:

    <p>USB = Supports plug-and-play and is used for peripherals. SATA = Connects mass storage devices. PCI = Attaches hardware devices to the motherboard. Northbridge = Handles high-performance tasks in conjunction with the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scheduling approach can starve long jobs?

    <p>Shortest Job First (SJF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following CPU-related terms with their definitions:

    <p>Core = Physical CPU within a processor unit Thread = Logical CPU viewed by the OS Bus Speed = Circuit connecting motherboard components Cache = Storage for frequently accessed program instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between physical and virtual processors?

    <p>Physical processors consist of actual hardware, while virtual processors are simulated by the OS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CPU in the Von Neumann architecture model perform?

    <p>Program execution and system synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is memory used for in a computer system?

    <p>Holds code and data for immediate use by the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of computer hardware?

    <p>Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the motherboard?

    <p>To connect all other hardware components together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software is an operating system?

    <p>System software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of application software?

    <p>Microsoft Office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bit is the smallest unit of data represented in a computer, and it can either be a ______ or a ______.

    <p>0, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do device drivers do?

    <p>Translate device commands into common operating system commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format does a computer use to understand information?

    <p>Binary language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to represent 8 bits?

    <p>Byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAM stands for Random Access Memory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byte equivalent of 1 Kilo?

    <p>1,000 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byte equivalent of 1 Mega?

    <p>1,048,576 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byte equivalent of 1 Giga?

    <p>1,073,741,824 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are commonly used user interfaces?

    <p>Graphical user interfaces (GUI), Web-based user interfaces, Command line interfaces, Touch user interfaces, Voice user interfaces, Conversational interfaces, Gesture interfaces, Natural-language interfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hardware compatibility list (HCL) is a list that includes computer hardware compatible with operating systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of plug and play devices?

    <p>Facilitate the discovery of a hardware component without user intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List some examples of common plug and play devices.

    <p>USB thumb drive, USB mouse, USB Keyboard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of device drivers?

    <p>Function between the OS and hardware devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some benefits of virtualization?

    <p>Maximize resources, run multiple types of applications, IT budget integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtualization allows multiple applications to run in isolation within virtual machines on the same physical machine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sustainable IT?

    <p>The management and disposal of IT in a way that minimizes environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0

    • Digital transformation involves radically improving business processes using new technologies.
    • Industry 4.0 leverages digital technologies for agile and responsive manufacturing.
    • Major components of digital transformation include customer experience, operational agility, cultural change, and technology integration.

    Disruptive Technologies

    • Disruptive technologies impact traditional processes, invalidating earlier methods and creating new business models.
    • Key disruptive technologies driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution encompass Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Data Analytics.

    Skills for Digital Transformation

    • Core ICT skills necessary for digital transformation span software development, data analytics, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.
    • Proficiency in programming languages, SQL, and network management is crucial.

    Impact on Future of Work

    • Digital transformation reshapes the workforce, requiring adaptive skills to manage technologies.
    • Automation and AI applications create new job roles and demand for tech-savvy employees.

    Challenges of Industry 4.0

    • Securing systems from cyber threats, overcoming skills gaps, and navigating legacy systems are significant challenges.
    • Connectivity issues may impede seamless integration of technologies.

    Design Principles of Industry 4.0

    • Key design principles include interoperability, information transparency, technical assistance, and decentralized decision-making.

    Computer System Overview

    • A computer system processes input data, executes programs, and stores output results for future use.
    • The four main functions are input (e.g., keyboard), process (e.g., calculations), output (e.g., display), and storage (e.g., hard drives).

    Von Neumann Architecture

    • The model consists of a CPU for execution, memory for immediate data use, storage for future data, input devices for data entry, and output devices for result display.
    • Modern computer systems follow Von Neumann architecture.

    Computer Hardware Components

    • Motherboard: Contains the chipset, BIOS, and expansion slots; connects all other hardware components.
    • CPU: Central processing unit requiring cooling for function.
    • RAM: Random Access Memory that stores code and data for immediate processing.
    • Storage Devices: Include hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), and removable drives for data archiving.
    • Peripheral/Expansion Cards: Enhance functionality such as graphics and sound, important for gaming or intensive processing.

    Team Activities and Discussions

    • Teams are encouraged to discuss digital transformation examples, successful technology adoption, and the future landscape of work.
    • Activities include identifying hardware components, discussing impact on processes, and exploring real-world applications of technologies.

    Future Directions

    • Industry 5.0 focuses on human-machine collaboration for sustainable innovation and environmentally friendly production.
    • Emphasizes the need for integration of human creativity with advanced technology in production processes.### Computer Hardware Components
    • Peripheral cards connect to the motherboard and enhance functionality, such as sound and network cards.
    • Identification labels on peripheral cards help find documentation and specifications online.
    • Peripherals are categorized as input, output, or input/output devices.
    • The chassis protects hardware and provides convenient access to motherboard connectors.
    • The power supply unit (PSU) delivers power to the motherboard and computer system.

    Common Motherboard I/O Connectors

    • Key motherboard connectors include CPU socket, chipset, DIMM/RAM slots, PCIe slots for GPUs, M.2 connectors for SSDs, and SATA ports for HDDs.
    • Front panel connectors, USB headers (2.x and 3.x), and various power connectors are also essential.

    Common Motherboard Rear I/O Connectors

    • Common rear connectors include HDMI, DisplayPort, USB A (2.0 and 3.0), USB C, RJ-45 (LAN), WiFi, optical S/PDIF out, and audio I/O ports.

    Software Overview

    • Software consists of instructions for computers, divided into:
      • Application Software: Specific tasks (e.g., spreadsheets, database management).
      • System Software: Interfaces for application software, including operating systems (OS) and device drivers.

    Operating System Functions

    • Manages hardware and provides communication between hardware and application software.
    • Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, and device management.
    • Ensures security and allows for simultaneous program execution.

    Data Representation

    • Computers use binary (1s and 0s) to represent information.
    • The smallest unit of data is a bit; 8 bits form a byte.
    • Higher data units include kilobytes (kB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB), with different definitions based on context (speed vs. storage).

    User Interfaces

    • Types of user interfaces include graphical user interfaces (GUI), command line interfaces, touch interfaces, voice interfaces, and natural-language interfaces.

    Hardware Compatibility and Specifications

    • Hardware specifications describe the characteristics and compatibility of components with operating systems.
    • A Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) aids in identifying which hardware works with specific operating systems.

    Plug and Play (PnP)

    • Plug and Play devices allow automatic hardware detection without user intervention, typically using generic device drivers (e.g., USB devices).

    PC Assembly and Testing

    • The assembly process includes testing individual components like the motherboard, PSU, CPU, and RAM.
    • Simulation software for building PCs helps understand compatibility and assembly procedures.
    • Documentation of the assembly process through screenshots is essential for learning.### Computer System Technologies Overview
    • A diverse range of computer hardware and operating systems exists today.
    • Component testing methods include functionality tests and performance tests using specialized software.

    Component Testing

    • Functionality Test: Assess if a part operates correctly in a known working system.
    • Performance Test: Use software to evaluate the speed and efficiency of components.
    • Burn-in Testing: Stress-testing components before deployment using tests like PassMark BurnInTest.

    Laptop Specifics

    • Laptops contain similar hardware to desktops but often have integrated components on the motherboard.
    • Many parts are custom-built, limiting cross-compatibility with other laptop models.
    • Refurbishing laptops is generally more complex than desktops.

    Operating System Installation Steps

    • Access BIOS settings when booting the computer.
    • Set the boot preference to DVD or USB.
    • Choose the clean installation option for the OS.
    • Enter the license key if necessary.
    • Select the disk to install the OS.

    Sustainability and Green IT

    • Sustainability in IT aims to minimize environmental impacts during the lifecycle of technology.
    • Objectives include creating energy-efficient devices, reducing harmful materials, promoting recycling, and encouraging reuse of tech.

    Goals of Green IT

    • Improve design for energy efficiency and recyclability.
    • Minimize the use of rare metals and toxic chemicals.
    • Advocate for proper e-waste recycling towards environmentally friendly practices.

    Data and Resource Virtualization

    • Virtualization creates software representations of hardware, allowing multiple applications to operate independently on shared resources.
    • Types of Virtualization:
      • Server Virtualization: Partitioning a physical OS into virtual machines.
      • Desktop Virtualization: Creating virtual desktop systems accessed remotely.
      • Storage Virtualization: Merging physical storage into a single pool.
      • Network Virtualization: Splitting bandwidth into independent channels.

    Hypervisors

    • Type 1 Hypervisor: Bare-metal, runs directly on hardware; used in enterprise settings.
    • Type 2 Hypervisor: Hosted on an operating system; typically for smaller server environments.

    Desktop Virtualization

    • Separates desktop environments from physical machines, allowing centralized data management.
    • Supports testing and development while isolating sensitive applications within virtual machines.
    • Reduces maintenance needs on physical PCs and simplifies management through a single desktop image.

    Types of Desktop Virtualizations

    • Presentation Virtualization: Centralized server manages applications, function as a terminal; less efficient and secure.
    • Application Virtualization: Applications are delivered on demand, encapsulating them from the host OS.
    • Hosted Virtual Desktop: Virtual desktop environments run on remote servers, allowing access from any device.

    Learning and Skills Development

    • Students are encouraged to explore BIOS settings, discuss virtualization benefits, and participate in skills-building activities to understand OS and cloud computing concepts.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of the fourth and fifth Industrial Revolutions and their transformational potential for both life and business. It explores leading technologies driving these revolutions and identifies essential ICT skills needed in today’s digital landscape. Prepare to assess your understanding of how disruptive technologies impact the future.

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