C Programming Week 12
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct way to declare a character array for card suits?

  • char SUITS[4];
  • char SUITS[] = { 'C', 'D', 'H', 'S' }; (correct)
  • char SUITS = { 'C', 'D', 'H', 'S' };
  • char *SUITS = { 'C', 'D', 'H', 'S' };

What will happen if the length of an array is specified differently from the number of initializers?

  • The last provided value will be replicated for the remaining elements. (correct)
  • Only the specified length will be initialized.
  • The compiler will throw an error.
  • The array will not be initialized at all.

Which of the following correctly initializes an array of structs?

  • Card hand[2] = { { '2', 'C', 0, &drawTwoCards }, { '3', 'D', 0, &drawThreeCards } }; (correct)
  • Card hand[] = { { '2', 'C', 0 }, { '2', 'D', 0 } };
  • Card hand[] = { '2', 'C', 0, &drawTwoCards };
  • Card hand[] = { { '2', 'C' }, { '3', 'D' }, { '4', 'H' }, { '5', 'S', 0, &drawFiveCards } };

What types of data can be included in a struct initializer?

<p>Multiple data types including pointers and integers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the initialization of simple data types?

<p>Initialization follows an intuitive approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the function pointer in a struct initialization?

<p>To enable a function to perform an action on the card. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are present in the initialized array for the card example provided?

<p>8 elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the last element's value if it is not explicitly initialized in struct initialization?

<p>NULL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided struct Card, which data types are used for its members?

<p>Characters, integers, and function pointers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax for defining a struct type in C?

<p>typedef struct { char *rank; char suit; int isDealt; void (*pfuncEffect)(Card *pTopCard); } Card; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the initial value of the 'isDealt' member in the last two elements of the 'hand' array?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the unspecified elements of an array if a size is declared but fewer initializers are given?

<p>They are initialized to a default value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many parameters are in the struct initializer for the 'Card' type when it's declared as an array?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an array of structs, what is the correct way to reference a member of the struct for its first element?

<p>hand[0].rank (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of function pointers in the struct initialization for type 'Card'?

<p>To reference a function effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you attempt to initialize 'SUITS' with a string instead of characters, what will happen?

<p>Compile-time error. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the definition of an array of structs, what must match the order of the elements during initialization?

<p>The order of the struct members. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 'nStudents' is declared as 'long nStudents = 50;', what is its data type?

<p>long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character represents the suit of a card in the given struct definition?

<p>suit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What data type is used for the variable 'strPrompt' in the initialization example?

<p>char * (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Initializing arrays of structs

Initializing arrays where each element is a struct, and each element of the struct is initialized using a corresponding value in the initializer list.

Initializing arrays

Assigning values to array elements in a definitive manner.

Array Initialization

Manually setting the value of array elements. If a size is not specified, the number of values will be used.

Struct Initialization

Assigning values to struct members.

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Function Pointer

A variable that holds the memory address of a function. Used to pass function as arguments to other functions.

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Array size inference

Determining the size of an array based on the number of elements initialized.

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Repeating last value

If an array initialization specifies fewer values than the array's size, the last value provided will be replicated for the remaining elements.

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Data Type in initializer

Using different data types (char*, char, int, function pointers) within a single initialization.

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Multiple data types in initializer

Initializing a struct with multiple data types.

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Simple variable initialization

Creating and assigning a value to a simple variable.

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What is the key difference between initializing simple variables and arrays?

Initializing simple variables involves assigning a single value, while initializing arrays involves assigning values to multiple elements, often using a set of values within curly braces.

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How is the size of an array determined during initialization?

If you explicitly specify a size, the array will have that size. If you don't, the size is automatically inferred from the number of elements you provide in the initializer list.

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Array initialization with different size

If you specify a size for an array that differs from the number of elements in the initializer list, the last value provided will be repeated to fill the remaining elements.

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Initializing structs

Assigning values to the members of a struct, similar to initializing simple variables, but with multiple values in curly braces.

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Data types in struct initializers

A struct initializer allows you to use multiple data types for the different members, such as char*, char, int, and function pointers.

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Function pointer in struct initialization

A struct can contain a member that is a function pointer, allowing you to store the address of a function within the struct.

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Example of struct initialization with function pointer

In the example Card myCard = { “2”, ‘C’, 0, &drawTwoCards };, the function pointer pfuncEffect is initialized to the address of the drawTwoCards function.

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What is the purpose of initializing arrays of structs?

It allows you to organize and manage collections of similar objects (structs) with different properties, providing a structured way to represent data.

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How do you access values in an initialized array of structs?

You use the array index to access the specific struct element, and then use the dot operator (.) or the arrow operator (->) to access the members within that struct.

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Study Notes

C Programming: Initializing Arrays of Structs

  • Initializing simple data types is straightforward. Examples include long nStudents = 50;, char *strPrompt = "Welcome!";, and int nCourse = 3;.

  • Arrays can be initialized with multiple values. For example, char *cards[] = {"AC", "2C", "3C", ..., "KS"}; has 52 elements.

  • The size of an array can often be inferred from the number of initialization elements: char SUITS[] = {'C', 'D', 'H', 'S'}; creates an array of 4 elements.

  • Arrays can be initialized with explicit sizes even if inferring the size is possible. For example char SUITS[4] = {'C','D','H','S'}.

  • If you specify an array's length larger than the initial values, the remaining elements will be filled with the last initialized value. For example, char inHand[53] = {0}; results in inHand filled with zeros.

  • Structs can also be initialized. The initialization values must be in the same order as the members of the struct. For example: typedef struct { char *rank; char suit; int isDealt; void (*pfuncEffect)( Card *pTopCard ); } Card; can be initialized Card myCard = { “2″, 'C', 0, &drawTwoCards };

  • Arrays of structs are initialized by nesting the individual struct initializations. For example

Card hand[]  = { {“2″, 'C', 0, &drawTwoCards },
{ "2", 'D', 0, &drawTwoCards },
{ “2″, `H′, 0, &drawTwoCards },
{ "2", 'S', 0, &drawTwoCards },
{ "Q", 'S', 0, &drawFiveCards },
{ “8″, `C′, 0, &changeSuit },
{ "3", 'S', 0, NULL },
{ "4", 'S', 0, NULL }
};

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Description

This quiz covers the initialization of arrays and structs in C programming. You'll learn about initializing simple data types, using explicit sizes, and understanding how remaining elements are filled when the array size exceeds the number of initialized values. Test your knowledge and improve your skills in C programming fundamentals.

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