C++ Program Components and Math Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are the building blocks of a C++ program?

  • Modules (correct)
  • Methods
  • Functions and Classes (correct)
  • Components

What does the function sqrt do?

The sqrt function calculates the square root of its input argument.

What is the purpose of the ceil() function in C++?

  • Rounds a number to the smallest integer not greater than the input.
  • Calculates the trigonometric cosine of the input.
  • Calculates the absolute value of the input.
  • Rounds a number to the largest integer not less than the input. (correct)

Functions are used to ______ a program.

<p>modularize</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a function prototype in C++?

<p>To inform the compiler about the function's arguments and return type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function definitions can be written inside other functions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the return keyword in a function definition?

<p>The <code>return</code> keyword is used to send a value back to the part of the program that called the function. If there is no value to return, use <code>return;</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a function call?

<p>A function call executes the code within the function's definition and potentially receives data back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of header files in C++?

<p>Header files provide function prototypes, data type definitions, and constants that are needed by multiple parts of the program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rand() function in C++ generates truly random numbers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enumeration in C++?

<p>An enumeration defines a set of named integer constants that make code more readable and understandable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enumeration constants can have preset values in C++.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the attributes that variables in C++ possess?

<p>Variables in C++ have attributes such as name, type, size, value, storage class, scope, and linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the static keyword when applied to a local variable in a function?

<p>The variable retains its value between function calls. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the extern keyword in C++?

<p>To define a global variable, making it accessible to other parts of the program. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a valid storage class in C++?

<p>global (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between file scope and function scope in C++?

<p>File scope is for variables declared outside a function, and function scope is for variables declared inside a function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reference cannot be reassigned to a different variable once it is initialized.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference in C++ functions?

<p>Pass-by-value creates a copy of the argument, while pass-by-reference passes a direct reference to the original argument. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recursive function in C++?

<p>A recursive function is a function that calls itself within its own definition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recursion is always the most efficient approach to solving problems in programming.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inline keyword in C++?

<p>To suggest that the compiler should insert the function's code directly into the calling code, reducing function call overhead. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function overloading allows functions with the same name but different arguments to exist within the same program.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of function templates in C++?

<p>Function templates are used to create generic functions that can work with different data types without requiring separate definitions for each data type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the unary scope resolution operator (::) in C++?

<p>It is used to access a global variable when there is a local variable with the same name. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Program Components in C++

C++ programs are constructed from smaller, manageable pieces called modules, which include functions and classes. These modules can be programmer-defined or pre-packaged from libraries.

Modules in C++

Modules in C++ are independent units of code that perform a specific task. Functions and classes are examples.

Functions in C++

Functions are pre-defined blocks of code that perform a specific task.

Function Call

Invoking a function by using its name, along with any needed input values (arguments).

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Function Definition

The complete code for a function, including the statements it executes.

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Math Library Functions

Pre-written functions that perform mathematical calculations; need to be included by the header file they are in.

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Function Arguments

The input values provided to a function to enable specific calculation.

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Boss/Worker Analogy

Describes how functions work; the 'boss' (calling function) asks the 'worker' (called function) to do something, sending data. The worker returns a result.

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Header File

Files containing information about functions (e.g., prototypes or definitions) and other code elements. You must include it to utilize specific libraries or routines.

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Function Prototypes

A declaration of a function's name, return type, and type of arguments, but without the actual implementation.

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Random Number Generation

Creating numbers that have unpredictable values, essential for tasks like simulations or games.

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Storage Classes

Keywords in C++ that determine how variables are stored and used throughout a program.

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Scope Rules

Rules about how variables and functions are seen and used within a program. This involves visibility and accessibility.

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Study Notes

Program Components in C++

  • Divide and conquer: construct programs from smaller components (modules) for easier management.
  • Modules: functions and classes.
  • Pre-packaged modules from standard libraries, and programmer-defined functions and classes.
  • Functions invoked by function calls, requiring function name and needed information (arguments).
  • Function definitions are written once.
  • Functions are hidden from other functions.

Math Library Functions

  • Used for common mathematical calculations.
  • Include the <cmath> header file.
  • Called by writing functionName (argument) or functionName(argument1, argument2, ...);
  • Examples: cout << sqrt( 900.0 ); (square root) prints 30.
  • All math library functions return a double.

Function Arguments

  • Can be constants (sqrt(4)), variables (sqrt(x)), or expressions (sqrt(sqrt(x))).

Function Prototypes

  • Function prototype contains function name, parameters, and return type.
  • Needed if function definition appears after function call.
  • Prototype must match function definition.
  • Example: double maximum ( double, double, double );

Header Files

  • Contain function prototypes, data types, and constants.
  • Typically end with .h (e.g., <cmath>).
  • Programmer can create custom header files.

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Related Documents

Functions (2) - Lecture 1 & 2 - PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential components of C++ programming, focusing on the use of modules, function definitions, and invoking math library functions. Explore the structure of functions, their arguments, and how to properly utilize the <cmath> library. Test your understanding of these concepts in C++ programming.

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