Pharyngeal Apparatus

“That Fat Girl Vomits Chunks”

1st - Trigeminal - V2 & V3

"That Fat Girl Vomits Chunks"

2nd - Facial N.

"That Fat Girl Vomits Chunks"

3rd: Glossopharyngeal N.

"That Fat Girl Vomits Chunks"

4th: Vagus N. (Superior Laryngeal Branch)

Neural Crest Cells ---> migrate into the pharyngeal arches to form mesenchyme

Connective tissue of the arches that give rise to the bones, cartilage of head and neck

FALSE - THERE IS NO 5TH PHARYNGEAL ARCH IN HUMANS

"That Fat Girl Vomits Chunks"

6th: Vagus N. (Recurrent Laryngeal N).

Rostral component: Maxillary prominence Caudal component: Mandibular prominence

First Arch = Face & Feasting (All about the mandible, maxilla, muscles of mastication, ear to hear the food is ready)

Technically the ears and then everything below the nose

MUSCLES: muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor palatini BONES: Incus & Malleus (endochondral ossification) | palatine, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic arch, part of temporal bone (intramembraneous ossification)

Second Arch = Smile & Stapes (Facial expression & Stapedius/Stapes)

MUSCLES: Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid SKELETAL: Stapes, styloid process of temporal bone (the little hook on the skull), stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and of hyoid bone

Big Swallow with STYLe

MUSCLE: STYLopharyngeus SKELETAL: GREATER horn of hyoid + lower body of hyoid

MUSCLES: Pharyngeal Constrictors & Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx SKELETAL: Laryngeal Cartilages

Endoderm w/the EXCEPTION of TYMPANIC MEMBRANE which has contributions from both endoderm and ectoderm

1. Auditory Tube
2. Tympanic Membrane
3. Middle Ear Epithelium

Palatine Tonsils - Endoderm

DORSAL portion: Inferior PARATHYROID gland VENTRAL portion: Thymus Endoderm germ layer origin

DORSAL portion: Superior PARATHYROID gland --> endoderm VENTRAL portion: Parafollicular cells of thyroid --> neural crest cell

External auditory meats, outer tympanic membrane, auricular hillocks

Cervical sinus formed by cleft 2 ---> disappears but contributes to the formation of the neck

Arch 1 syndrome (Treacher Collins syndrome)

Di George Anomaly

Cervical cysts

2 Lateral lingual swellings and 1 Median lingual swelling (tuberculum impar)

Copula (posterior midline swelling)

Hypopharyngeal eminence (very posterior lingual swelling)

Boundary between tuberculum impar & copula

Fourth arch - CN X

They come from derived myoblasts that migrate from 2nd and 5th OCCIPITAL SOMITES - innervated by CN XII

Bifid tongue

Thyroid starts from the tongue (floor of the pharynx), forming a thickening called the diverticulum --> moves down w/help of thyroglossal duct

Thyroglossal cysts

Ankyloglossia

Primitive mouth

Ectoderm - extends inward to the level of the buccopharyngeal membrane

Outpocketing of the roof of the stomodeum that stretches upward into the brain to become the adenohypophysis (Anterior pituatary)

Middle part of the face

1. Philtrum - labial component
2. Upper jaw
3. Primary palate --> continuous with NASAL septum

Incisive formane

Lateral cleft lip --> the cleft is ANTERIOR to the incisive foramen

Oblique facial cleft

Medial cleft lip

Cleft secondary palate (cleft uvula)