BYU Bio 130 Exam 1 Flashcards

A chemical bond in which electrons are shared.

A chemical bond between ions, where one or more electrons have been transferred.

<p>A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom is shared between two electronegative atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule dissolved in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liquid in which the molecule is dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A piece of information provided objectively, presented as true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The best scientific explanation for both the unity and diversity of life, proposed by Charles Darwin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral, relationships between taxa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental setup was capable of producing results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom involved in forming bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of atoms bonded together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule with partial charges that mixes with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule with equal sharing of electrons and no partial charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules that have regions that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organic compound made of one or more chains of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building blocks of protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isomers that are mirror images of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same atoms but arranged differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical reactions that release energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action of a catalyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple molecules became more complex, leading to the formation of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The building blocks of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine, Guanine, and Adenine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleoside 5′-monophosphate possessing a leaving group that provides energy for forming higher oligonucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by applying an electrical voltage to a gel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers; usually single-stranded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymerase replicates DNA only from the 5' end to the 3' end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SD/√n.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell theory and the theory of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monomers of lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The monomers of carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main energy source that cells use for most of their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio C:2H:O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the aid of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having the same solute concentration as another solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized and calcium levels are regulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System of membranes within the cytoplasm that functions in transport of substances such as proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen, producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles where biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A plastid that contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance in which cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A network of fibers that holds the cell together and aids in movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A globular protein that links into chains forming microfilaments in muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollow rods composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus involved in cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane used for locomotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long, whip-like filaments that help in cell motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open channels in the cell wall of plants connecting adjacent cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms a seal between cells preventing movement of substances across the cell layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occluding junction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic pores allowing direct passage of ions and particles between adjacent cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers