Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the five steps proposed by Latane and Darley (1970) when deciding whether to render assistance?
What are the five steps proposed by Latane and Darley (1970) when deciding whether to render assistance?
- Interpreting, assuming, knowing, deciding, acting
- Noticing, assuming, interpreting, knowing, deciding
- Noticing, interpreting, assuming, knowing, deciding (correct)
- Assuming, interpreting, deciding, acting, observing
According to Shotland and Huston (1979), what characterizes an emergency event?
According to Shotland and Huston (1979), what characterizes an emergency event?
- Slow occurrence with no threat of harm
- Victim able to defend or help themselves
- Easy solution for the victim without external intervention
- Happening suddenly with a clear threat of harm to a victim (correct)
What effect did Milgram's urban overload hypothesis propose on people in high urban stimulation environments?
What effect did Milgram's urban overload hypothesis propose on people in high urban stimulation environments?
- Increased attention to emergency situations
- Enhanced perception of the city and residents
- More willingness to offer assistance
- Overload resulting in tuning out emergency situations (correct)
Why may ambiguity make interpreting an event as an emergency difficult?
Why may ambiguity make interpreting an event as an emergency difficult?
What did Latane and Darley (1968) study regarding intervention in emergencies?
What did Latane and Darley (1968) study regarding intervention in emergencies?
'Noticing' an event in the decision-making process refers to:
'Noticing' an event in the decision-making process refers to:
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where an individual surrounded by a group of strangers hesitates and does nothing?
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where an individual surrounded by a group of strangers hesitates and does nothing?
According to Darley & Latane (1968), why are individuals less likely to assume responsibility when others are around in an emergency situation?
According to Darley & Latane (1968), why are individuals less likely to assume responsibility when others are around in an emergency situation?
In the decision-making process to provide help, what factor may inhibit a bystander from engaging in a helpful act?
In the decision-making process to provide help, what factor may inhibit a bystander from engaging in a helpful act?
Which scenario would most likely lead to a bystander being able to help someone in need?
Which scenario would most likely lead to a bystander being able to help someone in need?
What concept involves assuming that someone in a leadership role must take responsibility in ambiguous situations?
What concept involves assuming that someone in a leadership role must take responsibility in ambiguous situations?
What term describes the situation where responsibility is unclear, leading individuals to believe that others will take charge?
What term describes the situation where responsibility is unclear, leading individuals to believe that others will take charge?
What does the bystander effect suggest about the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation?
What does the bystander effect suggest about the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation?
What is diffusion of responsibility in the context of the bystander effect?
What is diffusion of responsibility in the context of the bystander effect?
Why did Winston Moseley return to finish attacking Ms. Kitty Genovese despite being scared away temporarily?
Why did Winston Moseley return to finish attacking Ms. Kitty Genovese despite being scared away temporarily?
In what situation are individuals more likely to receive help according to the text?
In what situation are individuals more likely to receive help according to the text?
How does diffusion of responsibility contribute to the bystander effect?
How does diffusion of responsibility contribute to the bystander effect?
Which term is used to describe the belief that someone else will intervene and provide help in an emergency situation?
Which term is used to describe the belief that someone else will intervene and provide help in an emergency situation?
Study Notes
Bystander Effect: Key Concepts
- Latane and Darley (1970) proposed five steps to decide whether to render assistance in an emergency: noticing, interpreting, assuming responsibility, deciding to implement, and implementing the decision.
Characteristics of Emergency Events
- According to Shotland and Huston (1979), an emergency event is characterized by a perceived danger, an unpredictable outcome, and a sense of urgency.
Urban Overload Hypothesis
- Milgram's urban overload hypothesis proposes that people in high urban stimulation environments experience a reduced sense of responsibility, leading to a decreased likelihood of helping in an emergency.
Ambiguity in Emergency Situations
- Ambiguity can make interpreting an event as an emergency difficult due to uncertainty about the severity or authenticity of the situation.
Intervention in Emergencies
- Latane and Darley (1968) studied intervention in emergencies, focusing on the factors that influence an individual's decision to help or not help in an emergency situation.
Noticing and the Decision-Making Process
- 'Noticing' an event is the first step in the decision-making process to provide help, involving the recognition of an emergency situation.
The Bystander Effect
- The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where an individual surrounded by a group of strangers hesitates and does nothing in an emergency situation.
Diffusion of Responsibility
- Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals assume that others will take responsibility in an emergency situation, leading to a decreased sense of personal responsibility.
- This concept involves assuming that someone in a leadership role must take responsibility in ambiguous situations.
Pluralistic Ignorance
- Pluralistic ignorance is the situation where responsibility is unclear, leading individuals to believe that others will take charge.
Likelihood of Receiving Help
- The bystander effect suggests that the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation decreases when there are many bystanders present.
- Individuals are more likely to receive help in an emergency situation when they are alone or in a small group.
Diffusion of Responsibility and the Bystander Effect
- Diffusion of responsibility contributes to the bystander effect by allowing individuals to shift responsibility to others, reducing the likelihood of helping in an emergency situation.
Kitty Genovese Case
- Winston Moseley returned to finish attacking Kitty Genovese despite being scared away temporarily because he believed others would not intervene.
Helping in Emergency Situations
- In situations where there is a clear assignment of responsibility, individuals are more likely to help in an emergency situation.
Belief in Others' Intervention
- The bystander effect is influenced by the belief that someone else will intervene and provide help in an emergency situation.
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Description
Learn about the bystander effect, a social psychology phenomenon observed during the murder of Kitty Genovese. Explore how the likelihood of someone helping decreases as the number of bystanders increases.
