Bystander Effect and Kitty Genovese Case
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Questions and Answers

What are the five steps proposed by Latane and Darley (1970) when deciding whether to render assistance?

  • Interpreting, assuming, knowing, deciding, acting
  • Noticing, assuming, interpreting, knowing, deciding
  • Noticing, interpreting, assuming, knowing, deciding (correct)
  • Assuming, interpreting, deciding, acting, observing
  • According to Shotland and Huston (1979), what characterizes an emergency event?

  • Slow occurrence with no threat of harm
  • Victim able to defend or help themselves
  • Easy solution for the victim without external intervention
  • Happening suddenly with a clear threat of harm to a victim (correct)
  • What effect did Milgram's urban overload hypothesis propose on people in high urban stimulation environments?

  • Increased attention to emergency situations
  • Enhanced perception of the city and residents
  • More willingness to offer assistance
  • Overload resulting in tuning out emergency situations (correct)
  • Why may ambiguity make interpreting an event as an emergency difficult?

    <p>Ambiguity reduces the clarity of a threat or harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Latane and Darley (1968) study regarding intervention in emergencies?

    <p>Effects of ambiguous events on intervention decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Noticing' an event in the decision-making process refers to:

    <p>Awareness that an emergency is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where an individual surrounded by a group of strangers hesitates and does nothing?

    <p>Pluralistic ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Darley & Latane (1968), why are individuals less likely to assume responsibility when others are around in an emergency situation?

    <p>Diffusion of responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the decision-making process to provide help, what factor may inhibit a bystander from engaging in a helpful act?

    <p>Fears of potential negative consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would most likely lead to a bystander being able to help someone in need?

    <p>A person slipping on ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept involves assuming that someone in a leadership role must take responsibility in ambiguous situations?

    <p>Authority bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the situation where responsibility is unclear, leading individuals to believe that others will take charge?

    <p>Diffusion of responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bystander effect suggest about the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation?

    <p>The more bystanders present, the lower the chances of receiving help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion of responsibility in the context of the bystander effect?

    <p>As the number of bystanders increases, each individual feels less responsible to help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Winston Moseley return to finish attacking Ms. Kitty Genovese despite being scared away temporarily?

    <p>He saw that nobody came out to help her.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation are individuals more likely to receive help according to the text?

    <p>When surrounded by friends or known individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diffusion of responsibility contribute to the bystander effect?

    <p>It decreases the feeling of personal responsibility to help in an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the belief that someone else will intervene and provide help in an emergency situation?

    <p>'Expectation of assistance'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bystander Effect: Key Concepts

    • Latane and Darley (1970) proposed five steps to decide whether to render assistance in an emergency: noticing, interpreting, assuming responsibility, deciding to implement, and implementing the decision.

    Characteristics of Emergency Events

    • According to Shotland and Huston (1979), an emergency event is characterized by a perceived danger, an unpredictable outcome, and a sense of urgency.

    Urban Overload Hypothesis

    • Milgram's urban overload hypothesis proposes that people in high urban stimulation environments experience a reduced sense of responsibility, leading to a decreased likelihood of helping in an emergency.

    Ambiguity in Emergency Situations

    • Ambiguity can make interpreting an event as an emergency difficult due to uncertainty about the severity or authenticity of the situation.

    Intervention in Emergencies

    • Latane and Darley (1968) studied intervention in emergencies, focusing on the factors that influence an individual's decision to help or not help in an emergency situation.

    Noticing and the Decision-Making Process

    • 'Noticing' an event is the first step in the decision-making process to provide help, involving the recognition of an emergency situation.

    The Bystander Effect

    • The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where an individual surrounded by a group of strangers hesitates and does nothing in an emergency situation.

    Diffusion of Responsibility

    • Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals assume that others will take responsibility in an emergency situation, leading to a decreased sense of personal responsibility.
    • This concept involves assuming that someone in a leadership role must take responsibility in ambiguous situations.

    Pluralistic Ignorance

    • Pluralistic ignorance is the situation where responsibility is unclear, leading individuals to believe that others will take charge.

    Likelihood of Receiving Help

    • The bystander effect suggests that the likelihood of receiving help in an emergency situation decreases when there are many bystanders present.
    • Individuals are more likely to receive help in an emergency situation when they are alone or in a small group.

    Diffusion of Responsibility and the Bystander Effect

    • Diffusion of responsibility contributes to the bystander effect by allowing individuals to shift responsibility to others, reducing the likelihood of helping in an emergency situation.

    Kitty Genovese Case

    • Winston Moseley returned to finish attacking Kitty Genovese despite being scared away temporarily because he believed others would not intervene.

    Helping in Emergency Situations

    • In situations where there is a clear assignment of responsibility, individuals are more likely to help in an emergency situation.

    Belief in Others' Intervention

    • The bystander effect is influenced by the belief that someone else will intervene and provide help in an emergency situation.

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    Description

    Learn about the bystander effect, a social psychology phenomenon observed during the murder of Kitty Genovese. Explore how the likelihood of someone helping decreases as the number of bystanders increases.

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