Social Psychology (all notes)

What is the 'halo effect' as it relates to attractiveness?

According to the 'Matching Hypothesis', what is a key factor in attraction?

What is the primary difference between 'Social Exchange Theory' and the 'Matching Hypothesis' regarding attraction?

Which of the following is NOT a common outcome associated with physical attractiveness?

Which of the following represents a significant shift in attraction research occurring post-1980?

Which of the following statements supports the idea that beauty is subjective rather than objective?

What conclusion can be drawn from the research on body mass index (BMI) and attractiveness in different cultural contexts?

What is the primary argument behind the 'cognitive approach' to attraction?

How does 'inter-sexual selection' explain the role of attractiveness in evolution?

Which human mating pattern, as described in the text, suggests a degree of polyandry?

What does social psychology primarily focus on?

Which of the following methods is NOT typically used in social psychology?

What is a significant aim of evolutionary social psychology?

Which of the following best describes the concept of social aetiology of cognition?

Why is social psychology considered important in understanding human behavior?

What significantly contributes to the higher homicide rates in southern US states?

In Cohen et al.'s experiment, what was a significant response observed in Southerners when insulted?

Which of the following statements aligns with Felson’s symbolic interactionist framework?

What finding did Blau and Blau (1982) reveal about homicide rates in relation to the Southern US population?

How does the weaker criminal justice system in the Southern US influence family dynamics related to violence?

What does Dunbar's number suggest about human social relationships?

Based on the studies mentioned, how does social life affect health?

What was a finding from Berkman & Breslow's 20-year longitudinal study?

What impact does friendship have on mental health according to the findings presented?

In the Robbers Cave study by Sherif et al., what was essential to reduce competition and hostility?

Which aspect is highlighted as a benefit of social support?

What conclusion can be drawn from the anatomy of loneliness findings?

What does the minimal group paradigm suggest about human relationships?

What percentage of non-binary respondents is indicated in the provided content?

Which condition is NOT associated with atypical sex chromosome arrangements?

Cohen’s d scores can indicate the size of the effect in behavioral studies. What does a positive value represent?

What is meant by gender identity not being dichotomous?

How is a small effect size measured with Cohen's d?

Which of the following best describes gender roles?

What does a Cohen's d value of -0.52 indicate about sex role attitudes?

What characteristic is shared between the conditions Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome?

Psychometric tests must be reliable and valid. What happens if a test fails to correlate with behavioral criteria?

Which of the following statements about gender identity is correct?

What does the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) suggest about masculinity and femininity?

Which of the following best defines the concept of 'Social Role Theory' as proposed by Eagly?

What does the term 'Biosocial reformulation' imply about gender roles?

Which researcher conducted significant work on the topics of stereotype threat in relation to mathematics?

How do men and women typically score on the BSRI masculinity and femininity scales?

What explanation is provided for the modest sex differences observed in adult social behavior in Western cultures?

What concept highlights the idea that both sex and gender exist on continua?

Which of the following theories emphasizes the learned nature of gender roles?

What has research shown regarding the consistency of stereotypes over the last fifty years?

What is one common misconception regarding children's behavior and stereotypes?

What is the primary focus of evolutionary approaches to aggression?

In what context is male aggression notably increased according to the content?

Which statement accurately reflects the findings related to male competition?

What factor significantly influences women's aggression according to Campbell (1999)?

Which of the following best describes the aggressive behavior seen in men compared to women?

According to evolutionary theories, what is one key reason for the prevalence of male-male violence?

What effect does social status have on men's aggressive behavior, particularly in low socioeconomic groups?

What is one reason men may engage in aggressive behavior in response to perceived threats to their social standing?

According to Nisbett (1993), how is backing down from a confrontation perceived?

Which of the following factors did Wolfgang & Ferracuti (1967) highlight as contributing to high rates of violence in certain subcultures?

What factor primarily limits reproductive opportunities in females?

In the context of mate selection, what trait do males prioritize for long-term relationships?

Which of the following best describes anisogamy?

Which feature is considered a 'fertility cue' according to research?

What does the handicap principle suggest in terms of mate selection?

What do the terms 'averageness' and 'symmetry' indicate in the context of attractiveness?

According to Gangestad & Thornhill, what does body fluctuating asymmetry indicate?

What impact do parental characteristics have on mate preferences according to sexual imprinting?

What is the primary focus of Buss and Schmitt's Sexual Strategies Theory?

What factor has been shown to increase the attractiveness of ornaments such as tattoos?

What is a key reason women may avoid expressing their gender identity?

What factor does symmetry predict according to Jones et al (2001)?

Why might women make fewer requests in dating as they age?

What characterizes qualitative research in social psychology?

Which of the following is a critique of the Standard Social Science Model?

What process is suggested by the term 'fixation' in evolutionary psychology?

What is a significant finding from the BBC's Loneliness Experiment regarding young people?

Which methodological approach is most commonly criticized for its limited ecological validity?

According to Brehm et al. (2002), what enhances the likelihood of a specific social behavior being passed on to future generations?

Which approach emphasizes the influence of a person's environment on their behavior?

What is one common misconception about loneliness as indicated in the content?

What does the term 'WEIRD' in social psychology research refer to?

In the context of evolutionary psychology, what is 'systematic selection'?

What is suggested as the most effective solution for addressing loneliness?

Which of the following research methods assesses the relationship between two variables without manipulating them?

Which aspect of friendship and social connection is associated with better emotional wellbeing?

What is the primary distinction between intimacy and romantic passion according to Sternberg's Triarchic model of love?

What component of the Passionate Love Scale does not support aromanticism?

According to the studies on friendship, which factor is emphasized as important for forming friendships?

What psychological principle explains why individuals tend to like others who share their negative opinions?

Which of the following statements aligns with the findings of Festinger's social comparison theory?

Which neurotransmitter is associated with romantic love according to Fisher's theory?

What does the term 'misattribution of arousal' refer to in the context of Dutton & Aron's study?

What is the role of oxytocin according to Fisher's model of relationship behavior?

Which component of love reflects the decision to maintain a relationship over time?

In romantic relationships, which factor is added to the principles of proximity and similarity?

What does the exposure effect suggest about the formation of friendships?

Which of the following did Collins & Miller's meta-analysis find regarding reciprocity and emotional feedback?

What is one reason that similarity in romantic attraction is considered important?

Which theory suggests that individuals prefer friends who reciprocate their feelings?

How does testosterone influence aggressive behavior?

What is the heritability range for aggression?

What phenomenon describes the tendency of bystanders to look to others for cues in emergencies?

Which factor is particularly influential in determining whether individuals will intervene in a crisis?

Which of the following is a biological factor associated with aggression?

What tends to happen to testosterone levels during competitive situations?

Which of the following situations would likely reduce the bystander effect?

In terms of aggression and impulsivity, which group shows the highest levels of impulsivity?

What is one way that aggression is linked to social behaviors?

How does cultural context impact aggression in girls?

Which of the following was NOT identified as a moderating factor of the bystander effect?

What should ideally happen to aggression in situations with clear danger?

Which study demonstrated that responsibility is not diffused when co-witnesses are clearly unable to help?

In rat studies, what effect does administering testosterone have?

What trend is observed regarding sex differences in impulsivity as societies become more egalitarian?

In egalitarian societies, which personality traits tend to exhibit larger sex differences?

Which theory emphasizes the role of reward and punishment in gender behavior development?

What did the meta-analysis by Lytton and Romney (1991) conclude about parental influence on gender-specific behavior?

Which learning model did Bandura emphasize for understanding gender behavior?

What is suggested by Perry and Bussey regarding gender typing in relation to the number of models children observe?

Gender schema theory suggests that children's understanding of gender is developed through their:

Which effect of testosterone is primarily linked to behavior in females during prenatal development?

What is one consequence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in females?

What impact does watching rap videos have on children's perceptions of gender?

According to evolutionary theory, which sex is typically choosy when it comes to mating?

What is the role of the Y chromosome in sexual differentiation?

How does evolutionary theory explain men's greater competitiveness?

Which gene is primarily responsible for the organisation of testes in male embryos?

What characteristic behavior is associated with female parental investment according to evolutionary theory?

What primarily determines an individual's satisfaction in a relationship according to comparison level (CL)?

How is dependence in a relationship defined?

What does the simple standard in social exchange theory focus on?

Which statement accurately reflects the concept of equity in relationships?

According to equity theory, what is likely to happen when one partner feels they are receiving less than they are contributing?

How does a low comparison level for alternatives (CLalt) affect commitment to a relationship?

What aspect do people assess when evaluating their outcomes in relationships according to social exchange theory?

Which proposition of equity theory states that partners care about fairness?

According to social exchange theory, what leads to individuals keeping track of rewards and costs?

What does the equity concept specifically relate to in terms of relationship dynamics?

What factor is the primary predictor of dating success identified in classic social psychology approaches to attraction?

In the context of Clark & Mills’ findings, how can close relationships be distinguished from casual ones?

In social exchange theory, what can lead individuals to potentially leave their current relationship?

What is a common misconception about the application of equity theory in all types of relationships?