Podcast
Questions and Answers
What data formats can be imported for well trajectory information in Builder?
What data formats can be imported for well trajectory information in Builder?
- Only Excel files
- Only proprietary file formats
- Multiple formats including various commercial software (correct)
- Any commercial software files
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Production Wizard in Builder?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Production Wizard in Builder?
- To visualize geological data
- To manage electronic records of perforated intervals
- To calculate gas saturations directly
- To import and handle production data from various sources (correct)
How can production data be averaged in Builder?
How can production data be averaged in Builder?
- Only through manual calculations outside the software
- Daily and weekly only
- On a monthly, yearly, or custom basis (correct)
- Only on a yearly basis
What aspect of well perforations can be addressed within Builder?
What aspect of well perforations can be addressed within Builder?
What does gas saturation determination involve in the context provided?
What does gas saturation determination involve in the context provided?
What is the primary function of the Formula Manager in Builder?
What is the primary function of the Formula Manager in Builder?
Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned as an interpolation technique available in Builder?
Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned as an interpolation technique available in Builder?
How can property values in Builder be modified for modeling purposes?
How can property values in Builder be modified for modeling purposes?
What factor is essential in determining if a fault can be modeled in Builder?
What factor is essential in determining if a fault can be modeled in Builder?
Which operation can be performed in Builder to modify properties in grid cells?
Which operation can be performed in Builder to modify properties in grid cells?
What type of file is indicated by the extension .dat in the simulator data organization?
What type of file is indicated by the extension .dat in the simulator data organization?
Which file extension is associated with graphical post-processing according to the information provided?
Which file extension is associated with graphical post-processing according to the information provided?
What is the primary function of the CMG Launcher?
What is the primary function of the CMG Launcher?
Which of the following CMG software levels includes CO2 sequestration in GEM?
Which of the following CMG software levels includes CO2 sequestration in GEM?
What is the purpose of the BUILDER tool in the simulator data organization?
What is the purpose of the BUILDER tool in the simulator data organization?
Which recovery phase is characterized by natural depletion?
Which recovery phase is characterized by natural depletion?
Which of the following file types is specifically used for storing historical data intended for superimposing on simulated results?
Which of the following file types is specifically used for storing historical data intended for superimposing on simulated results?
Which application is not listed as a Level 1 prerequisite in CMG software?
Which application is not listed as a Level 1 prerequisite in CMG software?
What type of data does the .mrf file extension represent in the context of simulator outputs?
What type of data does the .mrf file extension represent in the context of simulator outputs?
In terms of folder organization, what is one of the primary functionalities of the CMG Launcher?
In terms of folder organization, what is one of the primary functionalities of the CMG Launcher?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the .3tp file format?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the .3tp file format?
What type of modeling is associated with Level 3 in CMG software?
What type of modeling is associated with Level 3 in CMG software?
What type of overall organization does the CMG directory provide for simulator data?
What type of overall organization does the CMG directory provide for simulator data?
Which reservoir process is linked to thermal maintenance in secondary recovery?
Which reservoir process is linked to thermal maintenance in secondary recovery?
The .log file in the simulator context serves what primary function?
The .log file in the simulator context serves what primary function?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the CMG Launcher?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the CMG Launcher?
What does a radial grid typically contain?
What does a radial grid typically contain?
Which of the following software primarily focuses on geological modeling?
Which of the following software primarily focuses on geological modeling?
Contour maps are characterized by what type of data representation?
Contour maps are characterized by what type of data representation?
What is a primary feature of quick pattern grids?
What is a primary feature of quick pattern grids?
What defines scattered data points in reservoir data collection?
What defines scattered data points in reservoir data collection?
Which property is NOT typically included in rescue models?
Which property is NOT typically included in rescue models?
Which type of grid is recommended for representing faults and well locations in a structured manner?
Which type of grid is recommended for representing faults and well locations in a structured manner?
Which software is known for producing 2D maps in geological modeling?
Which software is known for producing 2D maps in geological modeling?
What is the primary purpose of explicitly modelling a layer of cells in shale?
What is the primary purpose of explicitly modelling a layer of cells in shale?
What type of grid refinement can be performed in Builder for better saturation distributions?
What type of grid refinement can be performed in Builder for better saturation distributions?
What does a sector define in the context of reservoir modelling?
What does a sector define in the context of reservoir modelling?
Which constraint automatically triggers the removal of problematic cells in Builder?
Which constraint automatically triggers the removal of problematic cells in Builder?
What approaches can Builder use for PVT modelling?
What approaches can Builder use for PVT modelling?
Which PVT description model is primarily used for volatile oil systems?
Which PVT description model is primarily used for volatile oil systems?
What can be included in relative permeability modelling within Builder?
What can be included in relative permeability modelling within Builder?
Which initial conditions are crucial for modelling in a reservoir?
Which initial conditions are crucial for modelling in a reservoir?
What calculation method is used for determining pressures and saturations in grid blocks?
What calculation method is used for determining pressures and saturations in grid blocks?
In Builder, what happens when there are gaps in the grid?
In Builder, what happens when there are gaps in the grid?
Which of the following is a key function of combining and splitting layers in Builder?
Which of the following is a key function of combining and splitting layers in Builder?
What aspect does the hysteresis phenomenon affect in rock-fluid models?
What aspect does the hysteresis phenomenon affect in rock-fluid models?
What is the main purpose of the reservoir pressure value specified upon initialization?
What is the main purpose of the reservoir pressure value specified upon initialization?
Why is the use of map files important in fault modelling?
Why is the use of map files important in fault modelling?
Flashcards
CMG Software Levels
CMG Software Levels
CMG software has different learning levels, starting with basic IMEX/Builder/Results, progressing to advanced topics like CO2 Sequestration, and culminating in advanced geomechanics and wellbore modeling.
CMG Software Topics
CMG Software Topics
CMG software covers various reservoir simulation topics, addressing primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery methods, including natural depletion, pressure maintenance, thermal, chemical, and immiscible processes.
CMG Launcher Functionality
CMG Launcher Functionality
The CMG Launcher manages files, projects, and simulators, allowing users to submit jobs, interact with CMG and external applications, and access manuals and documents.
CMG Launcher Sections
CMG Launcher Sections
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Simulator Data Organization
Simulator Data Organization
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CMG Builder
CMG Builder
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CMG IMEX
CMG IMEX
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Reservoir Properties
Reservoir Properties
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Formula Manager
Formula Manager
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Constant Values
Constant Values
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Properties Interpolation
Properties Interpolation
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Geostatistics
Geostatistics
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Property Modification
Property Modification
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Fault Modeling
Fault Modeling
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Scale of Fault
Scale of Fault
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Implicit Fault
Implicit Fault
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Simulator Input File
Simulator Input File
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Additional Input Files
Additional Input Files
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Historical Data File
Historical Data File
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Simulator Output File
Simulator Output File
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Binary Data File of Results
Binary Data File of Results
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Restart File
Restart File
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Post-Processing Template (Line Plots)
Post-Processing Template (Line Plots)
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Post-Processing Template (Reservoir Displays)
Post-Processing Template (Reservoir Displays)
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CMG Builder
CMG Builder
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Eclipse to IMEX Conversion
Eclipse to IMEX Conversion
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IMEX to GEM/STARS Conversion
IMEX to GEM/STARS Conversion
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Reservoir Structure
Reservoir Structure
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Reservoir Properties
Reservoir Properties
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Cartesian Grid
Cartesian Grid
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Corner Point Gridding
Corner Point Gridding
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Quick Pattern Grid
Quick Pattern Grid
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Radial Grid
Radial Grid
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Scattered Data Points
Scattered Data Points
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Contour Map
Contour Map
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Mesh Map
Mesh Map
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Geological Modelling Software
Geological Modelling Software
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Rescue Model
Rescue Model
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Porosity
Porosity
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Permeability
Permeability
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Gas Saturation Determination
Gas Saturation Determination
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Well Trajectories
Well Trajectories
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Well Perforations
Well Perforations
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Production/Injection Data
Production/Injection Data
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Importing Production Data
Importing Production Data
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Production Wizard
Production Wizard
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Explicit Fault
Explicit Fault
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Point Distributed Grids
Point Distributed Grids
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Transmissibility Multiplier
Transmissibility Multiplier
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Transmissibility Barrier
Transmissibility Barrier
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Explicit Layer of Cells
Explicit Layer of Cells
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Grid Refinement
Grid Refinement
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Sectors
Sectors
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Quality Control on Grid and Properties
Quality Control on Grid and Properties
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Combining and Splitting Layers
Combining and Splitting Layers
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Laboratory Results (Winprop)
Laboratory Results (Winprop)
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Limited Data (Correlations)
Limited Data (Correlations)
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"Black-oil" PVT
"Black-oil" PVT
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EOS PVT
EOS PVT
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Relative Permeability Curves
Relative Permeability Curves
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Multiple Rock Types
Multiple Rock Types
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Wettability Alteration
Wettability Alteration
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Hysteresis
Hysteresis
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Reservoir Pressure at Datum Depth
Reservoir Pressure at Datum Depth
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Initial Water and Gas Oil Contacts
Initial Water and Gas Oil Contacts
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Multiple W-O and G-O Contacts
Multiple W-O and G-O Contacts
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Study Notes
Introduction to CMG's Modelling Workflows
- CMG software is a suite of computer modelling tools.
- The workflow involves pre-processing, simulation, and post-processing.
Agenda
- CMG software
- CMG Launcher
- Simulator data organization
- Builder
- Sections
- Applications
- IMEX
- Applications
- Hands-on exercises
CMG Software
- WinProp: Fluid characterization software
- IMEX: Black Oil Simulator
- GEM: Compositional Simulator
- STARS: Thermal Simulator
- CMOST: Optimization software
- Pre Processor (Builder): Input data preparation and data organization
- Simulators: Perform simulations
- Post Processor: Results analysis (Graphs, 3D, Reports)
CMG Software Levels
- Level 1: Introduction to WinProp, STARS, IMEX/Builder/Results, and CMOST
- Level 2: CO2 sequestration in GEM, CBM in GEM, Shale Gas in GEM
- Level 3: Chemical Flood in STARS, SAGD in STARS, Geomechanics in STARS & GEM, Wellbore Modelling, CO2,EOR
CMG Software
- Project Manager (Launcher): Software management
- Pre/Post Processors: Data processing
- Builder: Constructing data sets from different input type and converting them to others.
- Results 3D, Results Graph, Results Report: Result display.
- Model Conversion: Converting existing models from one type to compatible ones.
- ECL 100 Import Assistant: Specific import for ECL 100.
- Reservoir Simulators: IMEX (Black Oil), GEM (EOS Compositional and Geomechanical), and STARS (K-value Compositional, Thermal and Geomechanical)
- History Match, Optimization, Sensitivity & Uncertainty Assessment: Additional analysis tasks
- Phase Behavior: Analyzing phase behavior of different components in reservoirs
- WinProp: Analyze phase behavior for components and compounds in particular cases
CMG software
- World oil reserves (70 percent) are unconventional.
- This is a key expertise of CMG.
CMG Software, Simulators
- Reservoir life cycles: Different stages of recovery (Primary Recovery, Secondary Recovery, Tertiary Recovery).
- Natural Depletion: Natural depletion of reservoir.
- Pressure Maintenance
- Gas Water: Gas & water injection
- Thermal Processes
- Chemical Processes
- Immiscible Processes
CMG Launcher
- Organize folders and files
- Submit jobs and simulators
- Interact with CMG and external applications
- Access to user manuals and documents
Simulator Data Organization
- CMG directory structure: Product, Version, Documentation and examples
- Basic file extensions: .dat, .inc, .fhf, .out, .irf, .mrf, .rstr.irf, and .log.
- .ses, .3tp: Post-processing for lines and reservoir displays
Builder
- Main features: Conversion from Eclipse format to IMEX/GEM/STARS
- Reservoir section: Reservoir structure (tops, Layers, faults), Reservoir properties (different geological properties such as porosity, permeability and water distribution).
- Reservoir types: Cartesian, Corner point gridding, Quick pattern grid, and Radial.
- Reservoir properties: Scattered data points, Contour maps of 2D surface, Mesh maps.
Builder, Reservoir Section
- Geological and geostatistical programs: EDS, Gocad, Roxar, IRAP RMS, Schlumberger, Petrel, Landmark, Stratamodel, Earthvision
- Typical rescue models: Include porosity, permeability.
Builder, Reservoir Section
- Formulas manager: Generates and assigns new property values (example permeability as a function of porosity).
- Constant values: Some simple models can use an average single value.
Builder, Reservoir Section
- Properties interpolation and geostatistics
- Different algorithms / methods: Kriging, Gaussian
- Properties modification
Builder, Modeling Faults
- Scale of fault: Seismic or well tests, significant throw
- Implicit fault: Transmissibility Multiplier = 0
- Explicit fault: Grid cell dislocation
- Point distributed grids: Allow fault traces.
- Default faults: Sand-to-sand connections specified.
- Import faults: Map files to implement faults.
Builder, Modelling Shale
- Explicit layer of cells; Allows modelling of flow and hydrocarbon volume, transmissibility barriers
- Quicker modelling of thin horizons.
- Gaps in grid
Builder, Grid Refinements
- Refinements for better resolution of saturation distributions
- Useful in well studies for water or gas conning effects
- Cartesian and hybrid refinements
Builder, Sectors
- Used to quantify production/injection changes
- Useful in pilot tests/reservoir with multiple formations.
- Individual reports per sector.
Builder, Quality control on grid and properties
- Automatic removal of problematic cells
- Manual removal of problem cells
- Combining and splitting layers: Splitting and combining layers with different methods.
Builder, Components Section
- PVT modeling (Laboratory Results, Winprop); Includes composition, experiments, differential liberation, separator test.
- Limited data (correlations): Basics info related to gas and oil densities, Saturation Pressure, Reservoir Temperature
Builder, Rock-Fluid Section
- Relative permeability curves and different phenomena
- Multiple rock types & lithotypes
- Capillary pressure, wettability alteration
- Hysteresis, interpolations between Kr curves
- End-point scaling
- 3pt scaling
- Three phases models: Stone 1 and 2, Linear interpolation, Linear isoperm, Adsorption, End-point scaling, 3pt scaling
Builder, Initial Conditions
- Original conditions in reservoir
- Reservoir pressure at datum depth
- Position of water and gas oil contacts
- Mulitple: contacts, PVT regions, bubble points, gas cap initialization, initialization regions separate from PVT regions Calculations Methods: Vertical depth-ave, User-Input
Builder, Wells & Recurrent
- Well Trajectories: Measured data, Different formats
- Well Perforations: History added to well trajectories
- Production/Injection data: Import simple/robust data, Any number of wells, Options to monthly/yearly averages, Create history files
- Well constraints: Fixed constraints for prediction(liquid rate, BHP, WHP, Alter History)
- Import & handle well models from commercial software.
- Groups: Cycling groups, Voidage Replacement, Injection/production per group, Pressure Maintenance, Recycling Option
- Triggers: Monitoring reservoir conditions, Execute specific actions (reservoir pressures, injection rates, wells etc.), Can be applied to groups, sectors, wells
Builder, Built in Wizards
- Wizards to generate fractures
- Non Darcy Flow options (Geertsma, Frederick, Graves)
- General use table coefficients for non-Darcy flow as function of saturation and K.
IMEX
- Variety of reservoir recovery applications (primary, waterflood, advanced EOR, hydraulic fractures, sea water injection, multi-PVT regions)
- Reservoir interactions: Different aquifers, Analytical aquifer pressure support including Fetkovitch, Carter-Tracy. Bottom, boundary or edge drive with leak-off, apply Aquifer to reservoir boundary, fractured Reservoirs (Fracture-Matrix, Matrix-Matrix Connections, Dual Porosity and permeability)
- Grid Features: Block groups, Ease of history matching/or changing properties in and around fractures, fracture keywords, size reduction.
- Different Fluid model types: Black Oil, Oil-Water, Pseudo-Miscible, Polymer, API tracking, solvent.
IMEX
- Sophisticated solvers & Technology, Parallelization, Static Amalgamation
IMEX, Advanced Well Features
- Run on current constraint without violation checking (Useful in new OUTBOARD option to operate wells externally)
- Specify well geometry globally (Example: Applying a skin factor to a certain group of wells)
- Intelligent Segmented Wells: Can handle gas lift, recirculating well, complex well geometry, multiple branches, multiple tubing strings, any shape wells, Accurate calculation (includes modelling equipment), smart wells (passive and active)
IMEX, Comprehensive Graphical & Text Output
- Flux and velocity vectors, Streamlines representations
- User-defined variables, Restart records for resuming jobs, Efficient calculation.
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Description
This quiz covers key functionalities and operations within the Builder software, focusing on well trajectory information, production data averaging, and property modifications. Test your knowledge on the purpose of the Production Wizard and the capabilities of the Formula Manager.