Buddhism Overview: The Buddha's Teachings
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

According to the provided text, what is the name of the law that explains how one condition arises out of another, creating a chain of causes?

  • Karma
  • Nirvana
  • Dependent Origination (correct)
  • Samsara

    • The text suggests that understanding the mechanism of human psychophysical evolution is essential to break free from the cycle of suffering.

    True (A)

    According to Buddhist teachings, what is the ontological status of nirvana?

  • Nirvana is a state of non-existence, a complete cessation of suffering.
  • Nirvana is a state beyond definition, it cannot be fully understood or explained. (correct)
  • Nirvana is a realm of pure existence that is attainable after death.
  • Nirvana is a realm of eternal bliss that can be reached through meditation.

    • What is the ultimate goal of escaping the cycle of birth, suffering, and death, as described in the text?

    <p>Overcoming the cycle of suffering and reaching liberation (Nirvana).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Buddha believed that achieving nirvana was only possible after death.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the assembly of Buddhist monks that studies, teaches, and preserves the teachings of the Buddha?

    <p>Sangha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 12 links in the chain of dependent origination include ignorance (avijja), karmic predispositions (sankharas), __________, form and body (nama-rupa), and so on.

    <p>consciousness (vijnana)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Samsara = The cycle of birth, suffering, and death Nirvana = Liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth Dependent Origination = A law explaining the chain of causes and conditions Craving = A desire that fuels the cycle of suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monks receive support from the laity in exchange for their service, which includes teachings on _____.

    <p>morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Mendicants = Individuals who renounce worldly possessions and seek spiritual enlightenment Nirvana = A state of liberation from suffering Sangha = The assembly of Buddhist monks Sila = The Buddhist concept of morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text suggests that ethical conduct is unnecessary to escape the cycle of suffering.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the 12 links in the chain of dependent origination?

    <p>Enlightenment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Buddha's teachings were primarily focused on achieving enlightenment through meditation and contemplation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not understanding the mechanism of human evolution?

    <p>Remaining trapped in samsara, or the cycle of birth, suffering, and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the monastery in Buddhist practice?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation for individuals to become mendicants?

    <p>To seek a doctrine and practice that explains life and offers salvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated followers of the Buddha to settle in permanent monastic settlements (vihāras)?

    <p>Confession of a common faith and gifts from laity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    King Aśoka took a protective interest in the Buddhist monastic community.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the major developments in Buddhist monastic life during King Aśoka's reign?

    <p>Increased unity and well-being of the monastic community, leading to a universal orientation of Buddhism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ were established as centers of Buddhist learning and propaganda, supported by the influence of King Aśoka.

    <p>Monastic centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the monastic establishment with its significance:

    <p>Vihāra = Permanent monastic settlement Nālānda = Center of Buddhist learning Aśoka = Protector of Buddhist unity Hinduism = Resurgent influence on Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacted Buddhism before its disappearance from India in the 13th century?

    <p>Resurgent Hinduism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Buddhist monasteries served only as places of worship and had no educational role.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function did the laity perform in relation to the Buddhist monastic community?

    <p>They provided meritorious gifts of land and resources to the monks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement is considered a continuation of a transitional school between older conservative schools?

    <p>Mahãyāna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fourth council held under King KANIŞKA is recognized by southern Buddhists.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the fourth council held under King KANIŞKA?

    <p>Composition of commentaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Buddha was a charismatic leader who founded a distinctive religious __________.

    <p>community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sarvästivādins viewpoint was viewed as what kind of synod during the fourth council?

    <p>Sectarian synod (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some followers of the Buddha were laypersons who provided support to wandering ascetics.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the first several centuries after the Buddha's __________, his teachings were preserved and developed.

    <p>death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which new Buddhist sect emerged in Thailand during the 19th century?

    <p>Thammayut Nikaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Theravāda tradition spread to Cambodia and Laos within two centuries after its presence in Thailand.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event in the 19th century affected Buddhism in Thailand?

    <p>Reform and modernization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Myanmar, Buddhist society was disrupted under the military regime of General ______.

    <p>Ne Win</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the countries with their specific conditions affecting Buddhism:

    <p>Thailand = Retained independence with gradual reform Myanmar = Disrupted by British rule and military regime Laos = Affected by French rule and Vietnam War Cambodia = Suffered under communist rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change occurred in the Theravāda community during the late 20th century?

    <p>Buddhist revival signs appeared (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Mon population was the dominant group in Thailand by the late 13th century.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country remained independent during the 19th century and saw modernization efforts in Buddhism?

    <p>Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two main factions that emerged from the controversy between the monks of Vajji and Yasa?

    <p>The HĂSAŃGHiKA school and the Sthaviravãda (Theravãda) school (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third Buddhist council was convened by Emperor Aśoka in Patna.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the treatise completed during the third Buddhist council?

    <p>Ka th ãva tthu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The controversy at the third Buddhist council involved the ______ of past and future states of consciousness.

    <p>reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices were considered too lenient by the council?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sarvãstivädins, after their views were condemned at the third council, relocated to Mathur°a in the northwest.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the division between the HĂSAŃGHiKA school and the Sthaviravãda (Theravãda) school?

    <p>Differences in interpretation and practices of Buddhist principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>HĂSAŃGHiKA school = A more liberal school of thought in early Buddhism Sthaviravãda (Theravãda) school = A more conservative school of thought in early Buddhism Sarvãstivädins = A sect that believed in the reality of past and future states of consciousness Vibhajyavãdins = A sect that challenged the Sarvãstivädins' view on the reality of past and future states of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Buddhism

    • Founded by Siddhartha Gotama in northeast India, 5th century BCE.
    • A major Eastern religion, now also present in the West.
    • The Buddha's message is based on the concept of human suffering.

    The Buddha's Message

    • Teachings were transmitted orally, often prefaced by "Evam me sutam" ("Thus have I heard").
    • Exact wording is uncertain due to oral transmission.
    • Concordance exists across varying versions of the teachings.
    • Buddhist councils attempted to establish the teachings' originality.
    • Existence is characterized by suffering.
    • Suffering arises from conditions of human existence (individuality, limitation, craving).
    • Impermanence of the desired is a cause of suffering.
    • The "path" taught by the Buddha helps dispel ignorance.
    • The goal is enlightenment, transcending the transient nature of life.
    • Reality is a succession of microseconds, "dhammas."
    • The Buddha rejected the concept of an essential, unchanging self or soul ("Atman").
    • A self as the subject of experiences is acknowledged.

    Sangha, Society and State

    • Sangha = community of Buddhist monks.
    • Guided, taught, and preserved Buddha's teachings.
    • Provided service to lay people through moral teachings (Sīla).
    • Supported by the laity.
    • Monasteries (viharas) were established—some large, some small.
    • A monastic code of conduct (Vinaya).
    • Vinaya Piṭaka contains the Buddha's precepts.
    • Pātimokkha is the code of monastic rules, recited every two weeks.
    • Includes a variety of rules with varying numbers.
    • Strong ties to society.

    Historical Development

    • Early Councils addressed the purity of the faith and monastic practice.
    • Historical accuracy is challenging given the influence of legend and myth.
    • Disputes and sects arose within early Buddhism.
    • King Aśoka supported Buddhism extensively, promoting its spread.
    • Monks and nuns traveled, and Buddhism spread.
    • Monasteries functioned as centers of learning.
    • Buddhism declined in India and was revived later, influenced by Hinduism.
    • Buddhist societies were established in different areas.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions (Buddhism) - PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the foundational teachings of Buddhism, established by Siddhartha Gotama in the 5th century BCE. It covers key concepts such as human suffering, impermanence, and the path to enlightenment as taught by the Buddha. Test your understanding of these profound ideas and their transmission through history.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser