Module 3 hematology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of plasma in the blood?

  • Transporting oxygen to cells
  • Supplying nutrients to cells (correct)
  • Carrying cells that protect against infection
  • Removing waste products of cellular metabolism

What is the main function of albumins in the plasma?

  • Carry oxygen to cells
  • Control plasma oncotic pressure (correct)
  • Protect against infection
  • Remove waste products from cells

What is the main function of globulins in the plasma?

  • Carry oxygen to cells
  • Control plasma oncotic pressure
  • Act as carrier proteins and immunoglobulins (correct)
  • Remove waste products from cells

What are the main constituents of lipoproteins in the plasma?

<p>Triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of serum in the blood?

<p>Supporting blood clotting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for tissue oxygenation?

<p>Erythrocytes (Red cells) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the life cycle of erythrocytes (Red cells)?

<p>~120 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leukocytes (White cells) in the blood?

<p>Protecting the body against infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of thrombocytes (Platelets) in the blood?

<p>Supporting blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for oxygen transport in erythrocytes (Red cells)?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last immature form of erythroblast?

<p>Reticulocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of reticulocyte count?

<p>Indicates whether new RBCs are being produced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of hemoglobin?

<p>Hgb A: 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency can result in damage and death to RBCs?

<p>Pyruvate kinase deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average lifespan of a typical erythrocyte?

<p>100-120 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heme in erythrocytes?

<p>Carry O2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to old erythrocytes after they attract macrophages?

<p>The heme and globin dissociate easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ metabolizes the porphyrin of heme to bilirubin?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major iron storage protein?

<p>Ferritin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does iron absorption primarily occur?

<p>Duodenum and upper jejunum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the platelet count falls below 50,000/mm3?

<p>Normal clotting may be prolonged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets?

<p>Affect vasc endothelial cells and smooth muscle repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism that prevents the formation of spontaneous clots in normal vessels?

<p>Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does heparin, produced by mast cells and basophils, do?

<p>Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Coumadin in the clotting process?

<p>Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a prolonged bleeding time usually suggest?

<p>A defect in platelet function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood cell counts in infants and children?

<p>They increase at birth and then decrease during childhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about platelets in full-term neonates?

<p>Their count remains stable throughout infancy and childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasminogen activator in the clotting process?

<p>Activates plasminogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PTT (partial thromboplastin time) test?

<p>Measures time for recalcified citrated plasma to clot in the test tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of INR (International normalized ratio) test?

<p>Distinguishes extrinsic from intrinsic coagulation disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to erythrocyte lifespan with age?

<p>It decreases with age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes an increase in platelet adhesiveness with age?

<p>Increased platelet adhesiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hypoxic intrauterine environment affect erythropoietin production?

<p>It stimulates erythropoietin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for the arrest of bleeding?

<p>Platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor?

<p>Necessary for platelet adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the life expectancy of platelets?

<p>8-10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of thromboxane A2 in hemostasis?

<p>Increasing platelet aggregation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clotting factor is synthesized in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and required during the intrinsic pathway?

<p>Factor VIII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in the process to activate clotting factors?

<p>Activating multiple steps in the process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates repair processes including clot retraction and clot dissolution?

<p>Fibrinolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to the activation of the intrinsic pathway when it contacts subendothelial substances exposed by vascular injury?

<p>Factor XII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is essential for prothrombin to be converted to thrombin?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component of blood is responsible for defending the body against infection and removing debris?

<p>Lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for platelet count in blood?

<p>100,000 to 300,000/mm3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the development or activity of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages primarily occur?

<p>Lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen in the hematologic and immune systems?

<p>Filtering and cleansing the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is hematopoiesis predominantly carried out in adults?

<p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process increases the conversion of yellow bone marrow to hematopoietic red marrow?

<p>Faster differentiation of stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

<p>Erythropoietin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of residence of hematopoietic stem cells?

<p>Bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune and hematologic systems?

<p>Immune response to bloodborne microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of erythropoietin once it is released from the kidney?

<p>12-24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of granulocytes in blood?

<p>Defending against infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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