54 Questions
What is the main function of plasma in the blood?
Supplying nutrients to cells
What is the main function of albumins in the plasma?
Control plasma oncotic pressure
What is the main function of globulins in the plasma?
Act as carrier proteins and immunoglobulins
What are the main constituents of lipoproteins in the plasma?
Triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids
What is the main function of serum in the blood?
Supporting blood clotting
Which type of cells are responsible for tissue oxygenation?
Erythrocytes (Red cells)
What is the life cycle of erythrocytes (Red cells)?
~120 days
What is the function of leukocytes (White cells) in the blood?
Protecting the body against infection
What is the main function of thrombocytes (Platelets) in the blood?
Supporting blood clotting
Which organelle is responsible for oxygen transport in erythrocytes (Red cells)?
Hemoglobin
What is the last immature form of erythroblast?
Reticulocytes
What is the main function of reticulocyte count?
Indicates whether new RBCs are being produced
What is the most common type of hemoglobin?
Hgb A: 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
Which enzyme deficiency can result in damage and death to RBCs?
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
What is the average lifespan of a typical erythrocyte?
100-120 days
What is the function of heme in erythrocytes?
Carry O2
What happens to old erythrocytes after they attract macrophages?
The heme and globin dissociate easily
Which organ metabolizes the porphyrin of heme to bilirubin?
Liver
What is the major iron storage protein?
Ferritin
Where does iron absorption primarily occur?
Duodenum and upper jejunum
What happens if the platelet count falls below 50,000/mm3?
Normal clotting may be prolonged
What is the main function of platelets?
Affect vasc endothelial cells and smooth muscle repair
Which of the following is a mechanism that prevents the formation of spontaneous clots in normal vessels?
Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2)
What does heparin, produced by mast cells and basophils, do?
Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver
What is the role of Coumadin in the clotting process?
Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver
What does a prolonged bleeding time usually suggest?
A defect in platelet function
What happens to the blood cell counts in infants and children?
They increase at birth and then decrease during childhood
What is true about platelets in full-term neonates?
Their count remains stable throughout infancy and childhood
What is the role of plasminogen activator in the clotting process?
Activates plasminogen
What is the function of PTT (partial thromboplastin time) test?
Measures time for recalcified citrated plasma to clot in the test tube
What is the role of INR (International normalized ratio) test?
Distinguishes extrinsic from intrinsic coagulation disorders
What happens to erythrocyte lifespan with age?
It decreases with age
What causes an increase in platelet adhesiveness with age?
Increased platelet adhesiveness
How does hypoxic intrauterine environment affect erythropoietin production?
It stimulates erythropoietin production
Which component is responsible for the arrest of bleeding?
Platelets
What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor?
Necessary for platelet adhesion
What is the life expectancy of platelets?
8-10 days
What is the main role of thromboxane A2 in hemostasis?
Increasing platelet aggregation
Which clotting factor is synthesized in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and required during the intrinsic pathway?
Factor VIII
What is the function of calcium in the process to activate clotting factors?
Activating multiple steps in the process
What initiates repair processes including clot retraction and clot dissolution?
Fibrinolysis
Which factor leads to the activation of the intrinsic pathway when it contacts subendothelial substances exposed by vascular injury?
Factor XII
Which step is essential for prothrombin to be converted to thrombin?
2
Which cellular component of blood is responsible for defending the body against infection and removing debris?
Lymphocytes
What is the normal range for platelet count in blood?
100,000 to 300,000/mm3
Where does the development or activity of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages primarily occur?
Lymph nodes
What is the primary function of the spleen in the hematologic and immune systems?
Filtering and cleansing the blood
Where is hematopoiesis predominantly carried out in adults?
Bone marrow
What process increases the conversion of yellow bone marrow to hematopoietic red marrow?
Faster differentiation of stem cells
Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes?
Erythropoietin
What is the primary site of residence of hematopoietic stem cells?
Bone marrow
What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune and hematologic systems?
Immune response to bloodborne microorganisms
What is the lifespan of erythropoietin once it is released from the kidney?
12-24 hours
What is the function of granulocytes in blood?
Defending against infection
Test your knowledge about erythropoietin and the process of erythropoiesis, as well as the characteristics and maturation of reticulocytes. This quiz covers the formation of red blood cells and their stages of development.
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