Module 3 hematology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of plasma in the blood?

  • Transporting oxygen to cells
  • Supplying nutrients to cells (correct)
  • Carrying cells that protect against infection
  • Removing waste products of cellular metabolism
  • What is the main function of albumins in the plasma?

  • Carry oxygen to cells
  • Control plasma oncotic pressure (correct)
  • Protect against infection
  • Remove waste products from cells
  • What is the main function of globulins in the plasma?

  • Carry oxygen to cells
  • Control plasma oncotic pressure
  • Act as carrier proteins and immunoglobulins (correct)
  • Remove waste products from cells
  • What are the main constituents of lipoproteins in the plasma?

    <p>Triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of serum in the blood?

    <p>Supporting blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for tissue oxygenation?

    <p>Erythrocytes (Red cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life cycle of erythrocytes (Red cells)?

    <p>~120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukocytes (White cells) in the blood?

    <p>Protecting the body against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of thrombocytes (Platelets) in the blood?

    <p>Supporting blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for oxygen transport in erythrocytes (Red cells)?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last immature form of erythroblast?

    <p>Reticulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of reticulocyte count?

    <p>Indicates whether new RBCs are being produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of hemoglobin?

    <p>Hgb A: 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency can result in damage and death to RBCs?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average lifespan of a typical erythrocyte?

    <p>100-120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of heme in erythrocytes?

    <p>Carry O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to old erythrocytes after they attract macrophages?

    <p>The heme and globin dissociate easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ metabolizes the porphyrin of heme to bilirubin?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major iron storage protein?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does iron absorption primarily occur?

    <p>Duodenum and upper jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the platelet count falls below 50,000/mm3?

    <p>Normal clotting may be prolonged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets?

    <p>Affect vasc endothelial cells and smooth muscle repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism that prevents the formation of spontaneous clots in normal vessels?

    <p>Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heparin, produced by mast cells and basophils, do?

    <p>Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Coumadin in the clotting process?

    <p>Inhibits the production of clotting factors in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prolonged bleeding time usually suggest?

    <p>A defect in platelet function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood cell counts in infants and children?

    <p>They increase at birth and then decrease during childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about platelets in full-term neonates?

    <p>Their count remains stable throughout infancy and childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasminogen activator in the clotting process?

    <p>Activates plasminogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PTT (partial thromboplastin time) test?

    <p>Measures time for recalcified citrated plasma to clot in the test tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of INR (International normalized ratio) test?

    <p>Distinguishes extrinsic from intrinsic coagulation disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to erythrocyte lifespan with age?

    <p>It decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an increase in platelet adhesiveness with age?

    <p>Increased platelet adhesiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypoxic intrauterine environment affect erythropoietin production?

    <p>It stimulates erythropoietin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for the arrest of bleeding?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor?

    <p>Necessary for platelet adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life expectancy of platelets?

    <p>8-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of thromboxane A2 in hemostasis?

    <p>Increasing platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clotting factor is synthesized in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and required during the intrinsic pathway?

    <p>Factor VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcium in the process to activate clotting factors?

    <p>Activating multiple steps in the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates repair processes including clot retraction and clot dissolution?

    <p>Fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to the activation of the intrinsic pathway when it contacts subendothelial substances exposed by vascular injury?

    <p>Factor XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is essential for prothrombin to be converted to thrombin?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component of blood is responsible for defending the body against infection and removing debris?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for platelet count in blood?

    <p>100,000 to 300,000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the development or activity of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages primarily occur?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen in the hematologic and immune systems?

    <p>Filtering and cleansing the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hematopoiesis predominantly carried out in adults?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process increases the conversion of yellow bone marrow to hematopoietic red marrow?

    <p>Faster differentiation of stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of residence of hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes in the immune and hematologic systems?

    <p>Immune response to bloodborne microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of erythropoietin once it is released from the kidney?

    <p>12-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of granulocytes in blood?

    <p>Defending against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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