BTEC Level 3 Sport and Exercise Science: Functional Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the anatomical term for 'towards the front of the body'?

Anterior

Define 'proximal' in anatomical language.

Part of the limb that is situated closest to the centre of the body

Name the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle in the heart.

Tricuspid Valve

What anatomical term describes a body lying face down?

<p>Prone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'superior' refer to in anatomical language?

<p>Situated above / Directed upwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve in the heart?

<p>It allows deoxygenated blood to flow in one direction only (preventing backflow). Allows blood to travel between the right atrium and right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood from and to?

<p>Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lung (to become oxygenated). This is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the septum in the heart?

<p>Separates the right and left. This prevents oxygenated blood from the right mixing with deoxygenated blood from the left.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the bicuspid valve in the heart?

<p>It allows the blood to flow in one direction only, from the left atrium and left ventricle. Preventing backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary vein in the heart?

<p>Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the aorta in the body?

<p>Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body (except the lungs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

<p>Connect to the bicuspid and tricuspid valves, keeping the valves shape and strength, supporting with preventing backflow, and preventing valves turning inside out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of plasma?

<p>90% water, contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and proteins. Carries all blood cells, nutrients, and waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of white blood cells (leucocytes)?

<p>To protect the body from infection by identifying, destroying, and removing bacteria and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood?

<p>Their primary function is clotting to prevent blood loss. They stick to the damaged area, forming a temporary plug to seal the break.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anterior

Towards the front of the body

Proximal

Part of a limb closer to the body's center

Tricuspid Valve

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Prone

Lying face down

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Pulmonary Artery

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

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Superior

Situated above, or directed upwards.

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Tricuspid Valve Function

Allows one-way blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle; prevents backflow.

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Pulmonary Artery function

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

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Septum function

Separates oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood in the heart; preventing mixing.

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Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)

Allows one-way blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle; prevents backflow.

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Pulmonary Vein function

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Aorta function

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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Chordae Tendineae function

Support heart valves, prevent inverting.

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Blood Plasma components

Mostly water, containing electrolytes, proteins, carries nutrients and waste.

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White blood cell function

Body's defense against infection.

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Platelet Function

Essential in blood clotting process.

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Study Notes

Anatomical Directions

  • Towards the front of the body is referred to as 'anterior'.

Anatomical Positions

  • 'Proximal' refers to a location closer to the point of attachment or origin.
  • A body lying face down is referred to as 'prone'.

Heart Anatomy

  • The valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve.
  • 'Superior' refers to a location above or higher than another structure.

Blood Circulation

  • The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
  • The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Heart Valves

  • The tricuspid valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle while preventing backflow.
  • The septum separates the heart into left and right sides, preventing blood from mixing.
  • The bicuspid (mitral) valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle while preventing backflow.

Blood Vessels

  • The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Heart Function

  • Chordae tendineae are cord-like structures that prevent the cusps of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves from bending backward.

Blood Composition

  • Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, consisting of water, salts, sugars, lipids, and hormones.

Immune System

  • White blood cells (leucocytes) primarily function to protect the body against infection and disease.

Blood Clotting

  • Platelets (thrombocytes) primarily function to form blood clots and stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

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Description

Test your knowledge of functional anatomy in sport and exercise science with this quiz, covering anatomical positions, cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems, as well as the analysis of how these systems produce movements. Explore anatomical language and concepts such as anterior, posterior, and lateral.

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