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Questions and Answers
Which principle of biomechanics focuses on maintaining balance during movement?
Which principle of biomechanics focuses on maintaining balance during movement?
What term describes the study of motion without considering the forces involved?
What term describes the study of motion without considering the forces involved?
Which body movement involves increasing the angle between two body parts?
Which body movement involves increasing the angle between two body parts?
Which axis is associated with rotational movements?
Which axis is associated with rotational movements?
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What type of body movement is characterized by turning the palm upward?
What type of body movement is characterized by turning the palm upward?
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What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
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Which type of joint is classified as freely movable?
Which type of joint is classified as freely movable?
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What is the main purpose of studying physiology in sports?
What is the main purpose of studying physiology in sports?
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What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
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Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
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Which function of the circulatory system involves transporting hormones?
Which function of the circulatory system involves transporting hormones?
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What is the scientific study of human body movement known as?
What is the scientific study of human body movement known as?
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Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
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Study Notes
Unit VII: Fundamentals of Anatomy, Physiology in Sports
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Anatomy and Physiology in Exercise and Sports:
- Anatomy studies the body's structure (bones, muscles, organs).
- Physiology studies the body's functions.
- Understanding structure and function is crucial for:
- Designing effective training programs.
- Preventing injuries and enhancing recovery.
- Improving athletic performance.
- Knowing body movements and functions are key to success in sports.
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Skeletal System:
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Functions:
- Supports the body.
- Protects vital organs.
- Enables movement.
- Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus).
- Produces blood cells.
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Classification of Bones:
- Long (e.g., femur).
- Short (e.g., carpals).
- Flat (e.g., skull).
- Irregular (e.g., vertebrae).
- Sesamoid (e.g., patella).
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Types of Joints:
- Fixed (e.g., skull).
- Slightly movable (e.g., vertebrae).
- Freely movable (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, pivot).
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Functions:
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Circulatory System:
- Function: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
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Structure:
- Heart (four chambers).
- Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
- Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma).
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Respiratory System:
- Function: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Structure:
- Nasal cavity (filters, warms, humidifies).
- Trachea and bronchi (transport air).
- Lungs (contain alveoli for gas exchange).
- Diaphragm (breathing movements).
Unit VIII: Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports
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Kinesiology and Biomechanics:
- Kinesiology is the study of human movement.
- Biomechanics applies mechanical principles to understand movement.
- Their importance in sports:
- Improve techniques and performance.
- Reduce injury risks.
- Develop sports equipment.
- Understand body mechanics.
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Biomechanics Principles:
- Stability: Maintaining balance.
- Force: Applying force effectively.
- Motion: Linear and angular motions.
- Leverage: Using levers for movement.
- Coordination: Integrating body parts effectively.
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Kinetics and Kinematics:
- Kinetics: Study of forces causing motion (gravity, friction).
- Kinematics: Study of motion without forces (speed, velocity, acceleration).
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Body Movements:
- Flexion: Decreasing angle.
- Extension: Increasing angle.
- Abduction: Moving away from midline.
- Adduction: Moving towards midline.
- Rotation: Circular movement around an axis.
- Circumduction: Circular limb movement.
- Supination: Palm upward.
- Pronation: Palm downward.
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Axis and Planes:
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Axis:
- Longitudinal (vertical).
- Transverse (horizontal).
- Anteroposterior (front-to-back).
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Planes:
- Sagittal (left-right).
- Frontal (front-back).
- Transverse (top-bottom).
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Axis:
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology as they relate to sports and exercise. This quiz covers the structure and function of the skeletal system, the roles of bones and joints, and their importance in performance and injury prevention for athletes. Test your knowledge on key concepts that are critical for effective training and physical success.
