Unit VII: Anatomy and Physiology in Sports

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Questions and Answers

Which principle of biomechanics focuses on maintaining balance during movement?

  • Coordination
  • Leverage
  • Force
  • Stability (correct)

What term describes the study of motion without considering the forces involved?

  • Kinematics (correct)
  • Dynamics
  • Kinetics
  • Mechanics

Which body movement involves increasing the angle between two body parts?

  • Adduction
  • Extension (correct)
  • Flexion
  • Abduction

Which axis is associated with rotational movements?

<p>Longitudinal Axis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of body movement is characterized by turning the palm upward?

<p>Supination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

<p>Providing structure and support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is classified as freely movable?

<p>Ball and socket joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of studying physiology in sports?

<p>Designing effective training programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

<p>Enabling breathing movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the circulatory system involves transporting hormones?

<p>Hormone distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific study of human body movement known as?

<p>Kinesiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is the femur classified as?

<p>Long bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biomechanics Importance

Biomechanics improves sports technique, performance, injury prevention, equipment development, and understanding of body mechanics.

Biomechanics Principle: Stability

Maintaining balance during movement.

Kinetics vs. Kinematics

Kinetics studies forces causing motion (e.g., gravity); kinematics studies motion without considering forces (e.g., speed, acceleration).

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two body parts. (e.g., bending the elbow).

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Transverse Plane

Divides body into top and bottom (e.g., twisting movements).

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Anatomy

The study of the structure of the human body.

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Physiology

The study of the functions of the human body.

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Skeletal System Functions

Supports, protects, moves, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

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Circulatory System

Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & waste.

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Respiratory System Function

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air.

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Kinesiology

The scientific study of human movement.

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Biomechanics

Applying mechanical principles to understand movement.

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Joint Types

Fixed, slightly movable, and freely movable joints, like ball and socket (shoulder) or hinge (knee).

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Study Notes

Unit VII: Fundamentals of Anatomy, Physiology in Sports

  • Anatomy and Physiology in Exercise and Sports:

    • Anatomy studies the body's structure (bones, muscles, organs).
    • Physiology studies the body's functions.
    • Understanding structure and function is crucial for:
      • Designing effective training programs.
      • Preventing injuries and enhancing recovery.
      • Improving athletic performance.
    • Knowing body movements and functions are key to success in sports.

  • Skeletal System:

    • Functions:
      • Supports the body.
      • Protects vital organs.
      • Enables movement.
      • Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus).
      • Produces blood cells.
    • Classification of Bones:
      • Long (e.g., femur).
      • Short (e.g., carpals).
      • Flat (e.g., skull).
      • Irregular (e.g., vertebrae).
      • Sesamoid (e.g., patella).
    • Types of Joints:
      • Fixed (e.g., skull).
      • Slightly movable (e.g., vertebrae).
      • Freely movable (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, pivot).

  • Circulatory System:

    • Function: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
    • Structure:
      • Heart (four chambers).
      • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
      • Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma).

  • Respiratory System:

    • Function: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • Structure:
      • Nasal cavity (filters, warms, humidifies).
      • Trachea and bronchi (transport air).
      • Lungs (contain alveoli for gas exchange).
      • Diaphragm (breathing movements).

Unit VIII: Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports

  • Kinesiology and Biomechanics:

    • Kinesiology is the study of human movement.
    • Biomechanics applies mechanical principles to understand movement.
    • Their importance in sports:
      • Improve techniques and performance.
      • Reduce injury risks.
      • Develop sports equipment.
      • Understand body mechanics.

  • Biomechanics Principles:

    • Stability: Maintaining balance.
    • Force: Applying force effectively.
    • Motion: Linear and angular motions.
    • Leverage: Using levers for movement.
    • Coordination: Integrating body parts effectively.

  • Kinetics and Kinematics:

    • Kinetics: Study of forces causing motion (gravity, friction).
    • Kinematics: Study of motion without forces (speed, velocity, acceleration).

  • Body Movements:

    • Flexion: Decreasing angle.
    • Extension: Increasing angle.
    • Abduction: Moving away from midline.
    • Adduction: Moving towards midline.
    • Rotation: Circular movement around an axis.
    • Circumduction: Circular limb movement.
    • Supination: Palm upward.
    • Pronation: Palm downward.

  • Axis and Planes:

    • Axis:
      • Longitudinal (vertical).
      • Transverse (horizontal).
      • Anteroposterior (front-to-back).
    • Planes:
      • Sagittal (left-right).
      • Frontal (front-back).
      • Transverse (top-bottom).

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