Brucella O-chain Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) in Brucella?

  • Promote replication in eBCVs
  • Trigger autophagy in the host cells
  • Induce acidity in phagolysosomes
  • Control intracellular trafficking in host macrophages (correct)

What is the role of the acidified phagosomal compartments (eBCVs) in host cells?

  • Maintain the acidity for bacterial survival
  • Provide a replicative environment for Brucella
  • Support bacterial egress and cell-to-cell spread
  • Initiate expression of T4SS genes (correct)

Where does Brucella sustain chronic intracellular persistence in the host?

  • Phagolysosomes
  • Autophagic BCVs (aBCVs)
  • Replicative BCVs (rBCVs) (correct)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

What leads to the formation of autophagic BCVs (aBCVs) in Brucella infection?

<p>Interactions with autophagy pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T4SS effectors contribute to Brucella immunosuppression?

<p>Redirect intracellular trafficking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the O-chain in Brucella's virulence?

<p>It protects Brucella from complement and antimicrobial peptides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway does the O-chain facilitate for Brucella's entry into host cells?

<p>Stimulation of the endocytic pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Lipid A of Brucella important for immune evasion?

<p>It prevents interactions with Toll-like receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do O-chains contribute to the formation of rBCV?

<p>By facilitating the first step of rBCV formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do O-chains help in immune evasion by Brucella?

<p>By inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of dendritic cells?

<p>Capture, process, and present antigens to B and T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Brucella outer membrane protein inhibits dendritic cells from maturing?

<p>Omp25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Omp19 contribute to Brucella's virulence?

<p>Blocks Toll-like receptor 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which T4SS effector proteins of Brucella are known to block cytokine production?

<p>BtpA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cyclic B Glucan (CBG) in relation to dendritic cells?

<p>Blocks dendritic cell cytokine production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the T4SS effector VceC in infected cells?

<p>Induces ER stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is stimulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by Brucella infection?

<p>Tumor necrosis factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immunological structure is rich in macrophages and characterized by a lymphocytic cuff made of B and T cells?

<p>Granuloma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of macrophages producing inflammatory cytokines in response to Brucella infection?

<p>Facilitates granuloma formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular transformation can macrophages undergo within a granuloma?

<p>Specialized transformation into other cell types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of VceC effector in Brucella infection?

<p>Promotes inflammatory cytokine production by trophoblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T4SS effectors like BtpA and BtpB contribute to Brucella survival?

<p>Suppress inflammation and cytokine production by dendritic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability of T4SS effectors to over stimulate and suppress the host immune response crucial for Brucella survival?

<p>To ensure enough immune response for long-term intracellular survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipopolysaccharide in Brucella strains?

<p>Contributes to the structure of LPS molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Brucella spp. modulate the host immune response for their long-term survival?

<p>By balancing the host immune response through T4SS effectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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