Brucella Infection Diagnosis

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What type of antibodies may interfere with agglutination by IgG and IgM and cause a serologic test result to be negative in low serum dilutions?

IgA antibodies (correct)

IgD antibodies

IgG antibodies

IgM antibodies

What is the main limitation of the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) in endemic areas?

Lack of specificity (correct)

Expensive equipment required

Long test duration

Lack of sensitivity

What is the main advantage of the Brucellacapt (Vircell, Granada, Spain) method?

It is easy to perform and has high sensitivity and specificity (correct)

It is only used for serology diagnosis

It is a low-cost method

It is only used for chronic disease diagnosis

What is the cut-off value for IgG agglutinin titers in diagnosing active Brucella infection?

>1:80 Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to detect 'blocking' antibodies that may interfere with agglutination tests?

Coombs antiglobulin method Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are used as antigens in ELISA assays for Brucella diagnosis?

Cytoplasmic proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Legionella?

Inhalation of aerosolized organisms from contaminated water or soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of infection for Legionella?

Respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Legionella that makes it difficult to diagnose?

It is a fastidious organism that requires specific growth conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive method of diagnosis for Legionella?

Culture of respiratory secretions using buffered charcoal yeast extract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the urinary antigen test for Legionella?

It is a rapid test that provides results within hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difficulty in treating Legionella infections?

The organism is an intracellular parasite that evades the host's immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission of Brucella to humans through consuming dairy products?

Through unpasteurized dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is the global status of animal brucellosis?

It is a problem worldwide Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of brucellosis infection in humans?

Weight loss and sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic gold standard for brucellosis?

Blood culture Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Brucella species growth on agar media?

Small colonies with nonhemolytic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Christensen's urea slant in brucellosis diagnosis?

To detect urease activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of serologic assays for brucellosis?

They show variable levels of cross-reactivity with other gram-negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for brucellosis infection?

Streptomycin or erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of holding blood cultures for ≥10 days?

To allow for bacterial growth and detection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a biologic safety cabinet in brucellosis diagnosis?

To handle infected specimens safely Signup and view all the answers