Brownian Motion and Factors Influencing Diffusion

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What is the source of the energy for diffusion?

The potential energy of the molecules and ions

The chemical energy of the molecules and ions

The electrical energy of the charged particles

The kinetic energy of the random movement of molecules and ions (correct)

What is the relationship between the size of a cell or structure and its surface area to volume ratio?

The larger the cell or structure, the larger its surface area to volume ratio

The surface area to volume ratio is constant regardless of the size of the cell or structure

The larger the cell or structure, the smaller its surface area to volume ratio (correct)

The size of the cell or structure does not affect the surface area to volume ratio

What is the purpose of the increased surface area adaptations in some cells?

To increase the rate of active transport

To increase the rate of photosynthesis

To increase the rate of respiration

To increase the rate of diffusion (correct)

What is the main driving force behind Brownian motion?

The constant collisions between molecules and ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the increased surface area adaptations in cells?

To increase the rate of simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on an animal cell when placed in a strong sugar solution?

The cell will shrivel up and become crenated Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal cell when placed in distilled water?

The cell will absorb water and eventually burst Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the water potential of a red blood cell and the surrounding solution in an isotonic solution?

The water potential is equal between the red blood cell and the solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cells will swell and may eventually burst Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?

The cells will shrivel up and become crenated Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between animal cells and plant cells in terms of osmosis?

Animal cells are more severely affected by changes in water potential due to the lack of a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from a more concentrated to a more dilute solution?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

In the investigation with potato cylinders and salt solutions, why did the mass of the potato cylinder increase after 24 hours?

The salt solution has a higher water potential than the potato cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind osmosis?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

It will shrink and shrivel. Signup and view all the answers

How does osmosis differ from active transport?

Osmosis is passive, while active transport is active. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

It would burst. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force for water molecules to move out of the potato cells?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

On a dry day, how does a water vapor molecule move from the air space of a leaf into the atmosphere?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which process, common to both diffusion and osmosis, does not require energy from the cell?

Molecules move from a dilute to a more concentrated solution Signup and view all the answers

What happened to red blood cells immersed in a pure solution of water?

They expanded due to water entering the cells Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of solute molecules from high concentration to low concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature between diffusion and osmosis?

Both involve movement along a concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Why is osmosis important for plant cells?

To prevent too much water from entering the cell and causing it to burst Signup and view all the answers

What happens when water enters a plant cell by osmosis?

The cell becomes rigid and firm Signup and view all the answers

How does turgor pressure in plant cells play a role in osmosis?

It prevents water from moving into the cell by osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Why does water move from the soil into root cells by osmosis?

Because the soil water has a lower water potential than inside the root cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plant roots when they are surrounded by soil water?

Water enters the root hair cells by osmosis Signup and view all the answers

How does osmosis contribute to maintaining a concentration gradient in plants?

By facilitating water movement from root cells to xylem vessels Signup and view all the answers