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Questions and Answers
What is the prognosis for a baby with viral bronchiolitis?
What is the prognosis for a baby with viral bronchiolitis?
- Recovers within 25 to 30 days
- Recovers within 30 to 40 days
- Recovers within 15 to 20 days (correct)
- Recovers within 5 to 10 days
Which of these is a rare condition found predominantly in adults with a history of asthma?
Which of these is a rare condition found predominantly in adults with a history of asthma?
- Angitation Phenomenon
- Constrictive Bronchiolitis
- Follicular Bronchiolitis (correct)
- Bronchiolitis
Which treatment can provide temporary improvement for severe episodes of bronchiolitis?
Which treatment can provide temporary improvement for severe episodes of bronchiolitis?
- Oral prednisone
- Oxygen therapy
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- IV ceftriaxone (correct)
What is a common complication of constrictive bronchiolitis in the context of lung transplantation?
What is a common complication of constrictive bronchiolitis in the context of lung transplantation?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation, scarring, and obliteration of airways?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation, scarring, and obliteration of airways?
Which sign indicates a late-stage bronchiolitis?
Which sign indicates a late-stage bronchiolitis?
Which condition is commonly associated with interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing?
Which condition is commonly associated with interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing?
What are common early signs of bronchiolitis?
What are common early signs of bronchiolitis?
Which scenario typically shows a cylindrical dilatation of the small airways?
Which scenario typically shows a cylindrical dilatation of the small airways?
Which syndrome is primarily indicated by chest pain and temporary reduced blood flow to the heart?
Which syndrome is primarily indicated by chest pain and temporary reduced blood flow to the heart?
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Study Notes
Small Airways Disease
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of small airways, similar to a cold affecting the small airways
- Prognosis: Recovery within 15-20 days
- Early signs: Difficulty breathing, cough, wheezing, and fast breathing
- Late signs: Persistent cough, wheezing after 2 weeks
- Treatment: Inhaled steroids for persistent wheezing, antibiotics (IV ceftriaxone) for severe episodes
Types of Small Airways Disease
- Follicular Bronchiolitis: Rare condition associated with asthma, affecting epithelium, immune cells, and smooth muscle cells
- Characteristics: Ground-glass opacities, dilated bronchi, centrilobular nodules
- Typically affects adults with a history of asthma
- Constrictive Bronchiolitis: Rare, irreversible inflammatory condition affecting small airways
- Causes: Previous lung transplant, severe pneumonia, inflammatory processes
- Characteristics: Inflammation, scarring, and obliteration of airways
- Diagnosis: Lung biopsy in the context of lung transplantation
Angitation Phenomenon
- Signal to learn: Cardiac and respiratory arrhythmias, gasping, and agitation
- Location to inspect: Area between heart and upper abdomen for signs of heart failure (enlargement of the right ventricle)
- Importance: Right ventricle and pulmonary artery are crucial due to backflow from the left side of the heart
Saudi Airway Disease
- Bronchiectasis: Characterized by brown discoloration, cylindrical dilatation, formation of new bronchi, and adjacent small vessels
- Symptoms: Breathing difficulties, persistent coughing of greenish mucus, frequent respiratory infections
- 2B-ILD: Characteristics: Interstitial fibrosis with honeycombing, thickening of interlobular septa with fibrosis, dilated airspaces
- Symptoms: Feeling of inability to breathe deeply, shortness of breath, dry cough
- NSIP/ILD: Characteristics: Ground glass opacities, consolidation
- Symptoms: Shortness of breath, dry cough
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