Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following viruses is a cause of acute bronchitis?

Influenzae virus (correct)

Adenovirus

Coronavirus

Hepatitis virus

What is the characteristic of sputum production in acute bronchitis?

Blood-tinged

Off-white, yellow or green, and opaque (correct)

Purulent with streaks of blood

Clear and watery

What is a feature of complicated chronic bronchitis?

No use of antibiotics in the past 3 months

No major risk factors

Two or more disease-associated risk factors (correct)

No underlying cardiac disease

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Cough for at least 3 consecutive months for 2 years (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of microbiologic tests in acute bronchitis?

Generally of limited use (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for complicated chronic bronchitis?

Use of immunosuppressant (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a bacterial cause of acute bronchitis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of simple chronic bronchitis?

No major risk factors and sputum flora reflects the common associated pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between bronchitis and bronchiolitis?

Bronchitis is an inflammatory condition of the large elements of the tracheobronchial tree, while bronchiolitis is an inflammatory condition of the small elements (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute bronchiolitis?

Respiratory syncytial virus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Chronic bronchitis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bronchial secretions in bronchitis?

They increase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic inhalation of an irritating noxious substance on the bronchial mucosa?

It compromises the normal secretory and mucociliary function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the respiratory epithelium in bronchitis?

It impairs the mucociliary actions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bronchial walls in chronic bronchitis?

They are thick (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group most commonly affected by bronchiolitis?

Infants during their first year of life (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis

Bronchitis is an inflammatory condition of the large elements of the tracheobronchial tree.
Bronchitis usually affects older children and adults.
Chronic bronchitis is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Bronchitis Pathophysiology

Infection of the trachea and bronchi leads to hyperemic and edematous membranes, increased bronchial secretions, and damage to the respiratory epithelium.
Damage to the respiratory epithelium can be mild or severe.
Increased bronchial secretions may impair mucociliary actions.
Thickening of the bronchial wall is present, and there is an increased number of mucus-secreting goblet cells in smaller bronchi.

Bronchitis: Most Common Pathogens

Viruses are the most common cause of acute bronchitis.
Rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, and adenovirus are common viral pathogens.
Less frequent bacterial causes include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis.
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are often caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumonia, and gram-negative pathogens such as E. coli, Enterobacter species, and Klebsiella species.

Clinical Presentation: Acute Bronchitis

Cough is a common symptom, initially nonproductive, then productive with mucopurulent sputum.
Fever is rare.
Symptoms are more pronounced in patients with underlying lung disease.
Microbiologic tests are generally of limited use.

Clinical Presentation: Chronic Bronchitis

Mild to moderate cough with increased sputum production for at least 3 consecutive months for 2 years.
Simple chronic bronchitis is characterized by no major risk factors and sputum flora reflects the common associated pathogens.
Complicated chronic bronchitis refers to patients with two or more disease-associated risk factors, such as FEV1, home oxygen use, underlying cardiac disease, use of immunosuppressant, and use of antibiotics for an exacerbation within the past 3 months.