Podcast
Questions and Answers
What event led to riots in Calcutta in August 1946?
What event led to riots in Calcutta in August 1946?
Who announced 16 August 1946 as 'Direct Action Day'?
Who announced 16 August 1946 as 'Direct Action Day'?
What did the three-member mission sent by the British cabinet propose for India in March 1946?
What did the three-member mission sent by the British cabinet propose for India in March 1946?
Which leader was strongly opposed to the Partition of India in 1947?
Which leader was strongly opposed to the Partition of India in 1947?
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Who founded the Khudai Khidmatgars, a powerful non-violent movement among the Pathans?
Who founded the Khudai Khidmatgars, a powerful non-violent movement among the Pathans?
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Which political party persisted with the demand for 'Pakistan'?
Which political party persisted with the demand for 'Pakistan'?
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What did the failure of the Cabinet Mission make more or less inevitable?
What did the failure of the Cabinet Mission make more or less inevitable?
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'Badshah Khan' was another name for which leader?
'Badshah Khan' was another name for which leader?
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'Direct Action Day' announced on 16 August 1946 led to riots in which city?
'Direct Action Day' announced on 16 August 1946 led to riots in which city?
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'Partition now became more or less inevitable' after the failure of which mission?
'Partition now became more or less inevitable' after the failure of which mission?
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Study Notes
The Rowlatt Satyagraha
- The Rowlatt Satyagraha was the first all-India struggle against the British government, mainly restricted to cities.
- It led to demonstrations and hartals across the country in April 1919, which the government brutally suppressed.
- General Dyer's atrocities in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, on Baisakhi day (13 April 1919), were part of this repression.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- The massacre was carried out by General Dyer, leading to the deaths of many people.
- The event sparked widespread outrage, with Rabindranath Tagore renouncing his knighthood in protest.
Khilafat Agitation and the Non-Cooperation Movement
- The Khilafat issue was a major cause of discontent, as the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa in 1920.
- Mahatma Gandhi saw India as a land for people of all religions and wanted Hindus and Muslims to unite against British rule.
Mahatma Gandhi's Early Life and Movements
- Mahatma Gandhi founded the Natal Congress in 1895 to fight racial discrimination in South Africa.
- He led successful movements in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad, where he met Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhbhai Patel.
- In Ahmedabad, he led a successful millworkers' strike in 1918.
The National Movement (1919-1922)
- The Rowlatt Satyagraha was a national movement against the Rowlatt Act, which restricted fundamental rights and strengthened police powers.
- Gandhiji asked Indians to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition to the Act.
- Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement.
The Pakistan Demand and Partition
- The Muslim League demanded a separate nation, Pakistan, which led to negotiations with the British cabinet mission in 1946.
- The mission proposed a united India with some autonomy for Muslim-majority areas, but the Congress and Muslim League could not agree on the specifics.
- Partition became inevitable, with the Muslim League deciding on mass agitation for its Pakistan demand.
Notable Figures
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Badshah Khan, founded the Khudai Khidmatgars, a non-violent movement among the Pathans of the North West Frontier Province.
- He strongly opposed the Partition of India and criticized his Congress colleagues for agreeing to the 1947 division.
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Description
This quiz covers various aspects of British colonial rule in India, including the Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Test your knowledge on the impact of British imperialism in India.
