Podcast
Questions and Answers
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women.
False (B)
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women.
True (A)
The risk of breast cancer increases with age.
The risk of breast cancer increases with age.
True (A)
Men are more likely to develop breast cancer than women.
Men are more likely to develop breast cancer than women.
Early menarche increases the risk of breast cancer.
Early menarche increases the risk of breast cancer.
Late menopause decreases the risk of breast cancer.
Late menopause decreases the risk of breast cancer.
Women who take birth control pills have a higher risk of breast cancer.
Women who take birth control pills have a higher risk of breast cancer.
Women with a family history of breast cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease.
Women with a family history of breast cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease.
Obesity and a high-fat diet increase the risk of breast cancer.
Obesity and a high-fat diet increase the risk of breast cancer.
Caffeine consumption increases the risk of breast cancer.
Caffeine consumption increases the risk of breast cancer.
High-dose radiation exposure to the chest increases the risk of breast cancer.
High-dose radiation exposure to the chest increases the risk of breast cancer.
The higher the stage of breast cancer, the lower the survival rate.
The higher the stage of breast cancer, the lower the survival rate.
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of breast cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of breast cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a type of surgical management for breast cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a type of surgical management for breast cancer?
Lumpectomy is a breast-conserving surgery.
Lumpectomy is a breast-conserving surgery.
Quadrantectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast.
Quadrantectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast.
Total mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast and lymph nodes.
Total mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast and lymph nodes.
Modified radical mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast, lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles.
Modified radical mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes the entire breast, lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles.
Radical mastectomy is rarely performed today because modified radical mastectomy has proven to be just as effective and less disfiguring.
Radical mastectomy is rarely performed today because modified radical mastectomy has proven to be just as effective and less disfiguring.
The affected arm should be kept in a dependent position to promote drainage.
The affected arm should be kept in a dependent position to promote drainage.
Patients who have undergone a mastectomy should avoid overuse of the affected arm for several months.
Patients who have undergone a mastectomy should avoid overuse of the affected arm for several months.
It is important to monitor patients for adverse effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, such as fatigue, nausea, and alopecia.
It is important to monitor patients for adverse effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, such as fatigue, nausea, and alopecia.
It is important to provide psychological support to patients throughout the diagnosis and treatment process.
It is important to provide psychological support to patients throughout the diagnosis and treatment process.
Patients who have undergone a mastectomy should be instructed to perform breast self-exams on the remaining breast.
Patients who have undergone a mastectomy should be instructed to perform breast self-exams on the remaining breast.
Flashcards
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
The most common type of cancer in women, and the second leading cause of death among them.
Carcinoma
Carcinoma
A type of cancer that originates in the skin or coverings of tissues or organs.
Carcinoma of the Breast
Carcinoma of the Breast
A cancer that develops in the breast tissue.
Risk Factors (Breast Cancer)
Risk Factors (Breast Cancer)
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Gender (Breast Cancer)
Gender (Breast Cancer)
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Age (Breast Cancer)
Age (Breast Cancer)
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Family History (Breast Cancer)
Family History (Breast Cancer)
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Early Menarche
Early Menarche
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Late Menopause
Late Menopause
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Nulliparity
Nulliparity
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Obesity (Breast Cancer)
Obesity (Breast Cancer)
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Previous Cancer (Breast Cancer)
Previous Cancer (Breast Cancer)
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Estrogen (Breast Cancer)
Estrogen (Breast Cancer)
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AJCC Staging
AJCC Staging
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Full-Term Pregnancy
Full-Term Pregnancy
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Study Notes
Breast Cancer
- Most common cancer type in women, second leading cause of death.
- Carcinoma: Cancer originating in tissue/organ coverings.
- Primarily affects women, incidence peaks 75-80 years.
- Risk factors include:
- Female gender (much higher risk than men)
- Early menarche (<11 years old)
- Late menopause
- Nulliparity (never having a full-term pregnancy)
- Late pregnancy (first child after 35)
- Family history of breast, uterine or ovarian cancer
- High-fat diet
- Obesity
- High estrogen exposure (hormonal factors)
- High alcohol/cigarette consumption
- Radiation exposure (high doses)
- Geographic influence: Western women more prone.
- Contralateral breast/other reproductive organs: Potential correlation and possible consequences.
Carcinoma Risk Factors
- Age: Peak incidence 76-80 years.
- Family history: Previous cancer in reproductive organs.
- Early/late menarche/menopause (hormonal factors)
- Reproductive history: Nulliparity/late term pregnancy, previous cancer.
AJCC Staging
- Cancer characteristics and lymph node involvement.
- Uses TNM system to classify cancer stage.
- Staging is linked to survival rate (higher stage=lower survival rate).
Signs & Symptoms
- Visible lump or dimpled skin.
- Nipple changes (inversion, discharge).
- Skin texture/color changes.
- Pain (dolor)
- Swelling.
Non-surgical Management
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Hormonal manipulation (decreasing estrogen).
Surgical Management
- Lumpectomy: removal of tumor & surrounding tissue.
- Quadrantectomy: removal of a breast quadrant.
- Total mastectomy: removal of entire breast.
- Modified radical mastectomy: removal of breast, underarm lymph nodes, sometimes chest muscles.
- Radical mastectomy: removal of breast, underarm lymph nodes & chest muscles.
Early Detection
- Self-exams (monthly)
- Clinical breast exams (annually)
- Mammograms (based on age & risk factors)
- Early detection is crucial for improved outcomes/survival rates.
Post-Operative Management
- Positions (semi-Fowler's, affected arm elevated).
- Monitoring for complications (lymphedema).
- Wound care.
- Patient support & education.
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