Branches of Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, such as minerals and salts.
• Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, such as carbon-based molecules.
• Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons: Particles with no charge in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
• Mass Number: Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Ionic Bonding: Bonding between two atoms that have a large difference in electronegativity.
• Covalent Bonding: Bonding between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.
• Hydrogen Bonding: Weak bond between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Equation: Representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.
• Reactants: Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.
• Products: Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• Catalyst: Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

Periodic Table

• Periods: Horizontal rows in the periodic table.
• Groups: Vertical columns in the periodic table.
• Metals: Elements that are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity.
• Nonmetals: Elements that are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity.
• Metalloids: Elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry studies inorganic compounds, including minerals and salts.
• Organic Chemistry focuses on organic compounds, such as carbon-based molecules.
• Physical Chemistry examines the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry involves the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry explores the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons are particles with no charge in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.
• The Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
• The Mass Number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Chemical Bonding

• Ionic Bonding occurs between two atoms with a large difference in electronegativity.
• Covalent Bonding happens between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons.
• Hydrogen Bonding is a weak bond between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Chemical Reactions

• A Chemical Equation represents a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.
• Reactants are substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.
• Products are substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
• A Catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

Periodic Table

• Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table.
• Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table.
• Metals are elements that are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity.
• Nonmetals are elements that are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity.
• Metalloids are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals.