Branches of Chemistry

Study Notes

Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds, such as minerals and metals.
Organic Chemistry: Study of organic compounds, such as carbon-based compounds.
Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
Analytical Chemistry: Study of the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Covalent Bond: A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
Ionic Bond: A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
Hydrogen Bond: A weak bond between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.

Synthesis Reaction: A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
Decomposition Reaction: A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more substances.
Replacement Reaction: A reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound.
Combustion Reaction: A reaction between a substance and oxygen, resulting in heat and light.

Chromatography: A technique used to separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture.
Spectroscopy: A technique used to study the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.
Titration: A technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.

Atomic Mass: The total mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
Mole: A unit of measurement defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
Stoichiometry: The study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
pH: A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

Inorganic Chemistry involves the study of inorganic compounds, including minerals and metals.
Organic Chemistry focuses on the study of organic compounds, which are carbon-based compounds.
Physical Chemistry examines the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
Analytical Chemistry deals with the analysis and identification of the chemical composition of substances.
Biochemistry explores the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Covalent Bonds are formed by sharing electrons between atoms, resulting in a stable molecule.
Ionic Bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges.
Hydrogen Bonds are weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, often found in biological molecules.

Synthesis Reactions combine two or more substances to form a new compound, often releasing energy.
Decomposition Reactions involve the breakdown of a single compound into two or more substances, often requiring energy.
Replacement Reactions involve the replacement of one element with another in a compound, often driven by differences in reactivity.
Combustion Reactions involve the reaction between a substance and oxygen, resulting in heat and light.

Chromatography is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture, based on their interactions with a stationary phase.
Spectroscopy involves the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation, providing information on molecular structure and properties.
Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution, by adding a known volume of a reactant.

Atomic Mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, providing a unique identifier for each element.
A Mole is a unit of measurement defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles, used to express the amount of a substance.
Stoichiometry involves the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions, allowing for the calculation of reaction yields and efficiencies.
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14, with a pH of 7 being neutral.