Branches of Chemistry

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: study of inorganic compounds, such as minerals and metals
• Organic Chemistry: study of organic compounds, such as carbon-based molecules
• Physical Chemistry: study of the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level
• Analytical Chemistry: study of the analysis of the chemical composition of substances
• Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms

Atomic Structure

• Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom
• Neutrons: particles in the nucleus of an atom with no charge
• Electrons: negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom
• Atomic Number: number of protons in an atom's nucleus, unique to each element
• Mass Number: sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Chemical Bonding

• Ionic Bonding: transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with opposite charges
• Covalent Bonding: sharing of electrons between atoms to form a molecule
• Hydrogen Bonding: weak attraction between molecules due to electronegativity differences

Chemical Reactions

• Synthesis Reaction: reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
• Decomposition Reaction: reaction in which a single substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances
• Replacement Reaction: reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound
• Combustion Reaction: reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light

Stoichiometry

• Mole: unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles
• Molar Mass: mass of one mole of a substance, used to convert between moles and grams
• Stoichiometric Coefficient: number in front of a formula in a chemical equation, indicating the mole ratio of reactants and products

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic chemistry focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, such as minerals and metals.
• Organic chemistry deals with the study of organic compounds, specifically carbon-based molecules.
• Physical chemistry explores the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical chemistry is concerned with the analysis of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry delves into the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons have no charge and are also found in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic number is a unique identifier for each element, representing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Chemical Bonding

• Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with opposite charges.
• Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to form a molecule.
• Hydrogen bonding is a weak attraction between molecules due to differences in electronegativity.

Chemical Reactions

• Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a new compound.
• Decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a single substance into two or more simpler substances.
• Replacement reactions involve the replacement of one element with another element in a compound.
• Combustion reactions occur when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.

Stoichiometry

• A mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, used to convert between moles and grams.
• Stoichiometric coefficients are numbers in front of a formula in a chemical equation, indicating the mole ratio of reactants and products.