Branches of Biology

Branches of Biology

• Botany: study of plants and their interactions with the environment
• Zoology: study of animals and their interactions with the environment
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
• Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
• Genetics: study of heredity and variation in organisms
• Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms
• Molecular Biology: study of the structure and function of biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins
• Cell Biology: study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells
• Evolutionary Biology: study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth

Key Concepts

• Cell Theory: all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells
• Homeostasis: the ability of an organism or system to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
• Heredity: the passing of traits from one generation to the next
• Evolution: the process of change in the characteristics of a population over time
• Photosynthesis: the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
• Respiration: the process by which cells generate energy from the food they consume

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates: energy-rich molecules used by cells for energy and structural purposes
• Proteins: molecules that perform a wide range of functions in cells, including catalyzing reactions and replicating DNA
• Lipids: molecules that serve as energy storage and provide structural components of cells
• Nucleic Acids: molecules that contain the genetic instructions for an organism (DNA and RNA)

Biological Processes

• Metabolism: the chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life
• Growth and Development: the processes by which an organism grows and develops from a single cell to a mature adult
• Response to Stimuli: the ability of an organism to respond to changes in its environment
• Reproduction: the process by which an organism produces offspring

Branches of Biology

• Botany studies plants and their environmental interactions
• Zoology focuses on animals and their environmental interactions
• Microbiology examines microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi
• Ecology explores relationships between organisms and their environment
• Genetics delves into heredity and variation in organisms
• Biochemistry studies chemical processes within living organisms
• Molecular Biology examines structure and function of biological molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins)
• Cell Biology investigates structure, function, and behavior of cells
• Evolutionary Biology explores processes that shaped life on Earth

Key Concepts

• Cell Theory: all living organisms consist of one or more cells, cells are life's basic units, and cells arise from pre-existing cells
• Homeostasis: ability of an organism or system to maintain internal stability despite external changes
• Heredity: passing of traits from one generation to the next
• Evolution: process of change in population characteristics over time
• Photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants and some organisms
• Respiration: energy generation from consumed food by cells

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates: energy-rich molecules for energy and structural purposes
• Proteins: molecules with various cellular functions (catalyzing reactions, replicating DNA)
• Lipids: energy storage and structural components of cells
• Nucleic Acids: genetic instructions for an organism (DNA and RNA)

Biological Processes

• Metabolism: chemical reactions within cells for life maintenance
• Growth and Development: process from single cell to mature adult
• Response to Stimuli: ability to respond to environmental changes
• Reproduction: process of producing offspring