10-L1
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Questions and Answers

What is a consequence of a lack of leptin production or insensitivity to leptin?

  • Increased production of ATP
  • Reduced appetite
  • Obesity (correct)
  • Improved insulin sensitivity

    • What is the effect of leptin on mitochondria?

  • It has no effect on mitochondria
  • It induces the expression of uncoupling proteins (correct)
  • It decreases the production of heat
  • It increases the production of ATP

    • What is the role of insulin in appetite regulation?

  • It has no effect on appetite
  • It stimulates appetite
  • It only regulates long-term appetite
  • It suppresses appetite (correct)

    • What is amylin secreted with?

    <p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pramlintide?

    <p>An analogue of amylin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neurons in the arcuate nucleus sense?

    <p>Both glucose and fatty acid levels in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leptin in appetite regulation?

    <p>It suppresses appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with obesity and often leads to type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of POMC in the brain?

    <p>Suppresses appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the reward system in the brain?

    <p>Involved in the control of feeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ghrelin release when the stomach is full?

    <p>Ghrelin release decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PYY?

    <p>Suppresses appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leptin?

    <p>Suppresses appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of leptin in the body?

    <p>Adipocytes in fat stores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between leptin levels and adipose tissue?

    <p>Leptin levels increase with increased adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of leptin on neurons in the arcuate nucleus?

    <p>Leptin inhibits stimulatory neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization's estimate, how many people are overweight?

    <p>Over 1 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of obese adults experience morbidity arising from their obesity?

    <p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to be a partial cause of obesity?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated genetic component of obesity?

    <p>60-84% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept suggests that individuals are genetically predisposed to store energy efficiently?

    <p>Thrifty phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolic syndrome characterized by?

    <p>A group of symptoms including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension associated with central adiposity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to contribute to the rise of chronic obesity in the developed world?

    <p>Constant supply of food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the development of metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Observation of a common pattern of symptoms in obese people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the appetite centre located in the brain?

    <p>Arcuate nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of excitatory neurons in the appetite centre?

    <p>Stimulate appetite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of primary neurons in the appetite centre?

    <p>Sense metabolite levels and respond to hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibitory neurons in the appetite centre?

    <p>Suppress appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)?

    <p>Appetite stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagus nerve in the appetite centre?

    <p>Co-ordinate a response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)?

    <p>A polypeptide prohormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)?

    <p>Appetite suppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of type 2 diabetes increased by in individuals with metabolic syndrome?

    <p>5-fold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increasing due to?

    <p>Increasing obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is fat storage associated with metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Around the abdomen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of metabolic syndrome on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Marked impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic group has a higher predisposition to central obesity?

    <p>South Asians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is central fat accumulation strongly associated with?

    <p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is BMI not an ideal measurement of central fat?

    <p>It does not account for muscle mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes in children?

    <p>Obesity is an important cause of type 2 diabetes in children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of heart disease increased by in individuals with metabolic syndrome?

    <p>3-fold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome?

    <p>High blood glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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