Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of glioma?
What is the most common type of glioma?
- Meningiomas
- Ependymomas
- Oligodendrogliomas
- Astrocytomas (correct)
Where do 70% of childhood CNS tumors tend to arise?
Where do 70% of childhood CNS tumors tend to arise?
- Frontal lobe
- Posterior fossa (correct)
- Medulla
- Above the tentorium cerebelli
What percentage of brain tumors are primary tumors?
What percentage of brain tumors are primary tumors?
- 30 - 40%
- 20%
- 10 - 17%
- 50 – 75% (correct)
What can slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors in the brain cause?
What can slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors in the brain cause?
What is anaplasia in the context of brain tumors?
What is anaplasia in the context of brain tumors?
Which grade of astrocytoma is commonly found in children and young adults?
Which grade of astrocytoma is commonly found in children and young adults?
What is a common mutation associated with Grade II & III astrocytomas?
What is a common mutation associated with Grade II & III astrocytomas?
Which type of astrocytoma has the worst prognosis?
Which type of astrocytoma has the worst prognosis?
What are common signs and symptoms of astrocytomas?
What are common signs and symptoms of astrocytomas?
What is the median survival rate for Grade II astrocytomas?
What is the median survival rate for Grade II astrocytomas?
Which imaging method is considered the best for diagnosing astrocytomas?
Which imaging method is considered the best for diagnosing astrocytomas?
What are common treatments for astrocytomas?
What are common treatments for astrocytomas?
What are signs/symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?
What are signs/symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?
What are worse prognostic factors associated with astrocytomas?
What are worse prognostic factors associated with astrocytomas?
Which cranial nerve palsy is commonly associated with astrocytomas?
Which cranial nerve palsy is commonly associated with astrocytomas?
What is the most common age range for oligodendrogliomas?
What is the most common age range for oligodendrogliomas?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with oligodendrogliomas?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with oligodendrogliomas?
Where do ependymomas frequently block in kids?
Where do ependymomas frequently block in kids?
What is a common pathological finding in meningiomas?
What is a common pathological finding in meningiomas?
Where does medulloblastoma occur?
Where does medulloblastoma occur?
"Brain metastases" are often found on/in which part of the brain?
"Brain metastases" are often found on/in which part of the brain?
Which primary site is among the five most common sites that metastasize to the brain?
Which primary site is among the five most common sites that metastasize to the brain?
What is a common feature of ependymomas in adults?
What is a common feature of ependymomas in adults?
What is a common characteristic of meningiomas?
What is a common characteristic of meningiomas?
What is a typical prognosis for medulloblastomas?
What is a typical prognosis for medulloblastomas?
What are typical signs and symptoms of ependymomas if in the cranium?
What are typical signs and symptoms of ependymomas if in the cranium?
What is the typical location for childhood CNS tumors?
What is the typical location for childhood CNS tumors?
What is a common consequence of slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors?
What is a common consequence of slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors?
What is the typical epidemiology for intracranial tumors?
What is the typical epidemiology for intracranial tumors?
Which type of brain tumor is among the deadliest of cancers?
Which type of brain tumor is among the deadliest of cancers?
What is anaplasia in the context of brain tumors?
What is anaplasia in the context of brain tumors?
What is a common mutation associated with Grade II & III astrocytomas?
What is a common mutation associated with Grade II & III astrocytomas?
What is the most common age range for oligodendrogliomas?
What is the most common age range for oligodendrogliomas?
Where does medulloblastoma occur?
Where does medulloblastoma occur?
What are typical signs and symptoms of astrocytomas?
What are typical signs and symptoms of astrocytomas?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with oligodendrogliomas?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with oligodendrogliomas?
What can slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors cause?
What can slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors cause?
What is the median survival rate for Grade II astrocytomas?
What is the median survival rate for Grade II astrocytomas?
What percentage of brain tumors are primary tumors?
What percentage of brain tumors are primary tumors?
Which cranial nerve palsy is commonly associated with astrocytomas?
Which cranial nerve palsy is commonly associated with astrocytomas?
What is a common characteristic of meningiomas?
What is a common characteristic of meningiomas?
Which imaging method is considered the best for diagnosing astrocytomas?
Which imaging method is considered the best for diagnosing astrocytomas?
What is a common genetic mutation associated with oligodendrogliomas?
What is a common genetic mutation associated with oligodendrogliomas?
Where are ependymomas often found in adults?
Where are ependymomas often found in adults?
What is a common pathological finding in meningiomas?
What is a common pathological finding in meningiomas?
Which of the following is a common primary site that metastasizes to the brain?
Which of the following is a common primary site that metastasizes to the brain?
What is a characteristic feature of medulloblastomas?
What is a characteristic feature of medulloblastomas?
What is a common location for meningiomas?
What is a common location for meningiomas?
What is a typical prognosis for meningiomas?
What is a typical prognosis for meningiomas?
What is a common consequence of ependymomas blocking the central canal or being near the 4th ventricle in kids?
What is a common consequence of ependymomas blocking the central canal or being near the 4th ventricle in kids?
What is a typical location for medulloblastomas?
What is a typical location for medulloblastomas?
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Study Notes
Glioma Types and Characteristics
- The most common type of glioma is astrocytoma.
- 70% of childhood CNS tumors tend to arise in the cerebellum.
Astrocytomas
- Slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors can cause seizures and increased intracranial pressure.
- Anaplasia in the context of brain tumors refers to a loss of cellular differentiation.
- Grade I astrocytoma is commonly found in children and young adults.
- A common mutation associated with Grade II & III astrocytomas is IDH1/2.
- Glioblastoma (Grade IV) has the worst prognosis among astrocytomas.
- Common signs and symptoms of astrocytomas include seizures, headaches, and changes in mental status.
- The median survival rate for Grade II astrocytomas is 7-10 years.
- MRI is considered the best imaging method for diagnosing astrocytomas.
- Common treatments for astrocytomas include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure include headache, vomiting, and changes in mental status.
Prognostic Factors
- Worse prognostic factors associated with astrocytomas include age, tumor location, and tumor grade.
- Cranial nerve palsy, particularly VI, is commonly associated with astrocytomas.
Oligodendrogliomas
- The most common age range for oligodendrogliomas is 40-50 years.
- A common genetic mutation associated with oligodendrogliomas is 1p/19q deletion.
Ependymomas
- Ependymomas frequently block the fourth ventricle and central canal in kids.
- In adults, ependymomas are often found in the spinal cord.
- Common signs and symptoms of ependymomas in the cranium include headache, vomiting, and seizures.
Meningiomas
- A common pathological finding in meningiomas is the presence of psammoma bodies.
- Meningiomas are commonly located in the dura mater.
- A common characteristic of meningiomas is that they are typically slow-growing and benign.
- The typical prognosis for meningiomas is good, with a 5-year survival rate of 95%.
Medulloblastomas
- Medulloblastomas occur in the cerebellum.
- The typical prognosis for medulloblastomas is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 50-60%.
- A characteristic feature of medulloblastomas is their rapid growth and high aggressiveness.
Brain Metastases
- Brain metastases are often found in the cerebral cortex.
- The primary site that most commonly metastasizes to the brain is the lung.
General Brain Tumor Facts
- 80% of brain tumors are primary tumors.
- The typical epidemiology for intracranial tumors is that they are more common in adults than in children.
- Glioblastoma is among the deadliest of cancers.
- Slow-growing, well-differentiated brain tumors can cause seizures and increased intracranial pressure.
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