Brain Structure and Function Quiz

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions like thought and action.

Folds on the surface of the cerebrum.

Grooves on the surface of the cerebrum.

Lobe responsible for voluntary movement, problem-solving, and higher-level thinking.

Lobe responsible for processing sensory information.

Lobe responsible for hearing and memory.

Lobe responsible for vision.

Structure that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Brain region acting as a sorting center for sensory information.

Brain region regulating hormones and some basic functions like hunger and sleep.

Region of the brain responsible for coordination of movement.

Contains vital centres for basic body functions (breathing, heart rate)

Protective barrier separating the brain's blood supply from the rest of the body.

Fluid-filled spaces in the brain

Specialized cell junctions that create a barrier between cells, preventing leakage of molecules.

Immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens and cellular debris.

Fluid surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), cushioning and protecting the brain and spinal cord.

Specialized tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Groups of nerve cell bodies in the medulla oblongata that control vital functions like heart rate and breathing.

Regions of the CNS that integrate sensory input and produce motor responses.

Network of gray matter in the brainstem vital for maintaining consciousness, regulating autonomic activity.

Part of the reticular formation that regulate heartbeat and blood vessel diameter.

Part of the reticular formation that establish the pace for breathing.

Part of the brainstem that connects the midbrain to the medulla and contains nuclei involved in breathing and sleep-wake cycles.

Part of the brainstem involved in sensory processing and motor control.

Network of brain structures involved in emotions, motivation, and memory.

Combination of skull, meninges (protective membranes), blood-brain barrier, and CSF for protection.

Embryonic structure that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Nerve cell that sends information from the body to the central nervous system

Nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands.

Simple, automatic response to a stretching stimulus, producing muscle contraction.

Reflex involving one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons.

Region of the spinal cord and brain containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.

Region of the brain and spinal cord composed of myelinated axons, responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses.

Branches of spinal nerves that form nerve plexuses.

A network of neurons in the brainstem involved in sleep/wake cycles and consciousness.

Top layer of the cerebrum, responsible for conscious thought and higher-level functions.

A map of the body's sensory and motor areas in the brain.

Fluid-filled spaces within the brain lined with choroid plexus.

Specialized tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Outermost layer of the meninges, protective membrane covering the brain.

Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.

A protective barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering the brain.

Part of the brainstem controlling vital functions like heart rate and breathing.

Regions within the brainstem that initiate and regulate reflexes.

Brain region involved in emotions, memory, and motivation.

Portion of the brainstem, essential for certain sensory and motor functions.

Branch of spinal nerve that supplies the majority of the body wall skin and limbs.

Reflexes controlling glands and smooth muscles.

Automatic responses controlled by the spinal cord without brain input.

Forebrain, which further divides into telencephalon and diencephalon.

Part of the forebrain that develops into the cerebrum.

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Region in the brain involved in voluntary motor control.

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain enabling communication.

Part of the midbrain containing sensory nuclei for vision and hearing.

Protective barrier between the bloodstream and the brain, formed by tight junctions.

Structure anchoring the spinal cord to the vertebral column.

Structures involved in motor coordination and control.

Point where projection fibers cross in the medulla.

Lower part of the brainstem controlling respiration.

Myelinated axons in the central nervous system, facilitating faster communication.

Inferior part of the brain with three regions: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Expanded portion of the spinal cord supplying nerves for upper limbs.

Expanded portion of the spinal cord supplying nerves for lower limbs.

End of the spinal cord.

Nerves extending from the end of the spinal cord.

31 pairs of nerves connecting the spinal cord to the body.

Branch of spinal nerve supplying skin and muscles of the back.

Central Nervous System, composed of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing.

Peripheral Nervous System, nerves connecting the CNS to other body parts, sensory/motor.

Quick, automatic responses triggered by stimuli.

Structure housed within the vertebral column, transmitting information between brain and body.

A specific, involuntary motor response to a stimulus.

Reflexes that appear during a person's development.

Basic, automatic motor responses present from birth.

Learned motor responses that become automatic.

Reflexes that control skeletal muscle actions.

Reflexes that control smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Simplest reflex; a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons.

Reflex that regulates skeletal muscle length.

Reflex with at least one interneuron between sensory and motor neurons.

Sensory receptors that detect muscle stretch.

Reflexes that maintain an upright posture.

Reflexive toe curling in adults.

Reflex in infants where the big toe moves up and other toes fan out.

Largest part of the brain responsible for higher-level functions.

Folds on the surface of the cerebrum.

Grooves between gyri on the brain.

Part of the cerebrum associated with higher mental functions.

Area in the frontal lobe associated with higher-level cognitive functions.

Part of the cerebrum responsible for sensory processing.

Part of the cerebrum responsible for processing auditory information.

Part of the cerebrum responsible for processing visual information.

Structure that connects the two hemispheres.

Cerebrospinal fluid; a fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Thin thread of fibrous tissue at the end of the spinal cord, attached to the coccygeal ligament.

Part of spinal nerve containing axons of motor neurons.

Part of spinal nerve containing axons of sensory neurons.

Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Outermost layer of spinal meninges, tough and protective.

Space between the vertebrae and the dura mater.

Space between the dura and arachnoid mater.

Middle layer of spinal meninges, involved in CSF circulation.

Space filled with CSF that carries gases, nutrients, and waste.

Innermost layer of spinal meninges, attached to the spinal cord.

Anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater, providing stability.

Part of the CNS where communication between nerve cells occurs.

Narrow bands of gray matter around the central canal of the spinal cord.

Bundle of axons in the CNS.

Sensory pathways, carry information toward the brain.

Motor pathways, carry motor commands down the spinal cord.

Myelinating cell in the CNS.

Myelinating cell of the PNS.

Outermost connective tissue layer surrounding entire nerve.

Connective tissue layer surrounding bundles of axons.

Connective tissue layer surrounding individual axons.

Specific region of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves.

Regional loss of neural function, affecting sensory areas, often from injury.

Networks of blended fibers from adjacent spinal nerves.

Nerve plexus formed from C1 to C5 spinal nerves, controlling diaphragm.

Nerve plexus formed from C5 to T1 spinal nerves, controlling upper limbs.

Nerve plexus formed from T12 to L4 spinal nerves, controlling lower abdominal areas and thighs.

Nerve plexus formed from L4 to S4 spinal nerves, controlling lower limbs.

Neurons that carry information to the CNS.

Neurons that send commands from the CNS to peripheral effectors.

Neurons within the CNS that interpret and coordinate incoming and outgoing signals.

Rapid, automatic responses to specific stimuli.