Questions and Answers
What is the term for the first interior bulge of the developing neural tube?
Forebrain
Which part of the brain stem is visible in the midsagittal plane?
Medulla oblongata
What is the name of the region of the diencephalon that lies below the thalamus?
Hypothalamus
What is the term for the cerebral cortex and the cut interior surface of the forebrain?
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What is the term for the region of the brain that includes the pons and cerebellum?
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What is the name of the region of the brain that lies between the forebrain and hindbrain?
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What is the name of the broad band of white matter located on top of the Diencephalon?
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What is the name of the sulcus located just above the Cingulate Gyrus?
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What is the name of the gyrus that forms the dorsal margin of the frontal lobe?
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What is the name of the structure that is bounded below by the Cingulate Sulcus and posteriorly by the marginal branch of the Cingulate Sulcus?
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What is the name of the sulcus that runs from the inferior surface of the hemisphere to the dorsal mid-line?
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What is the name of the gyrus that forms a wedge shape behind the Parieto-occipital Sulcus?
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Study Notes
Embryological Divisions of the Brain
- The cerebral cortex and the cut interior surface of the forebrain are derived from the prosencephalon.
- The prosencephalon develops into two main regions: the Telencephalon (cerebral cortex) and the Diencephalon (Thalamus and Hypothalamus).
Brain Regions
- Forebrain: comprises the Telencephalon and the Diencephalon.
- Midbrain (Mesencephalon): a small division between the forebrain and hindbrain.
- Hindbrain: includes the brain stem and the cerebellum, which consists of the Metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and the Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata).
Gyral Structures of the Telencephalon
- Corpus Callosum: a broad band of white matter that helps define the contour of the medial gyri.
- Cingulate gyrus: a long gyrus above the corpus callosum, with many divisions.
- Cingulate sulcus: a sulcus above the cingulate gyrus.
- Superior frontal gyrus: forms the dorsal margin of the frontal lobe, extending back to the paracentral lobule.
Parietal and Occipital Lobes
- Paracentral lobule: bounded by the cingulate sulcus below and the marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus posteriorly.
- Parietal lobe: located posterior to the central sulcus.
- Precuneus: a gyral structure that forms the boundary of the parietal and occipital lobes.
- Parieto-occipital sulcus: a long, straight sulcus that runs from the inferior surface of the hemisphere to the dorsal mid-line.
- Calcarine sulcus: an important landmark that identifies the location of the visual parts of the brain, on the medial surface of the occipital lobe.
- Lingual gyrus: forms a "tongue" shape on the bottom of the occipital lobe.
- Cuneus: a wedge-shaped structure above the lingual gyrus.
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