Questions and Answers
Which part of the cerebellum is concerned with the regulation of fine movements of the body?
Neocerebellum
Which of the following is NOT a part of the inferiorly located parts of the vermis?
Simple Lobule
What is the main function of the archicerebellum?
Control of tone, posture, and crude movements of limbs
How many pairs of nuclei are present in the grey matter of the cerebellum?
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What is the main connection of the paleocerebellum?
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What is the result of dysfunction in the neocerebellum?
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What is the main function of the cerebellum?
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Which of the following is a part of the cerebellar hemispheres?
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What is the anatomical location of the cerebellum?
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What is the name of the deep median notch that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?
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What is the function of the white matter in the cerebrum?
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What is the name of the largest lobe of the cerebellum?
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What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
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What is the name of the fissure that separates the superior from the inferior surface of the cerebellum?
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What is the location of the motor area in the cerebrum?
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What is the term for the irregular cavity containing CSF in each hemisphere?
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What is the structure that connects the cerebellum to the brain stem?
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What is the function of the corpus callosum?
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What is the name of the oval swelling between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulcus?
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What is the term for the grooves or fissures that separate the convolutions (gyri) in the cerebrum?
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How many lobes is each hemisphere of the cerebellum divided into?
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What is the name of the fissure that separates the anterior lobe from the middle lobe on the superior surface?
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What is the term for the thickest part of the cortex?
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What is the term for the band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres?
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What is the function of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain?
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What is the purpose of the hollow cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain?
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What is the name of the groove in the midline of the anterior surface of the pons?
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What is the function of the trigeminal nerve emerging from the anterior surface of the pons?
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What is the name of the structure that forms the border between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord?
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What is the function of the pyramid elevation on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata?
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What is the purpose of the anterior median fissure on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata?
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What is the approximate length of the medulla oblongata?
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What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex?
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What separates the superior and inferior parietal lobules?
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Which part of the occipital lobe is bounded superiorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus and inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus?
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What is the highest level at which motor systems are represented?
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What is the region to which all sensory modalities ascend and are consciously perceived?
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What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
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Which part of the frontal lobe extends above the cingulate gyrus to the superior border?
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How many poles does the cerebral cortex consist of?
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Study Notes
The Cerebellum
- Located in the hindbrain, occupies most of the posterior cranial fossa
- Separated from the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres by the tentorium cerebelli
- Joined to the brain stem by three bilaterally paired cerebellar peduncles
- Consists of two cerebellar hemispheres united by the median vermis
- Has two surfaces: superior (convex) and inferior (concave)
- Divided into three lobes: anterior, posterior (middle), and flocculonodular
- Subdivided into numerous small parts by fissures, each fissure cutting the vermis and both hemispheres
Parts of the Vermis
- Inferiorly: tuber, pyramid, uvula, and nodule
Subdivisions of Cerebellar Hemispheres
- Superiorly: simple lobule, superior semilunar lobule, and inferior semilunar lobule
- Inferiorly: quadrangular lobule, ala, biventral lobule, tonsil, and flocculus
Morphological and Functional Divisions
- Archicerebellum: made up of flocculonodular lobe and lingula, controls axial musculature and bilateral movements
- Paleocerebellum: made up of anterior lobe, pyramid, and uvula, controls tone, posture, and crude movements of limbs
- Neocerebellum: made up of middle lobe (largest part of cerebellum) minus pyramid and uvula of inferior vermis, concerned with regulation of fine movements of body
Connections of Cerebellum
- Fibers entering or leaving cerebellum grouped into three peduncles connecting to midbrain, pons, and medulla
Grey Matter of Cerebellum
- Consists of cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei
- 4 pairs of nuclei: dentate, globose, emboliform, and nucleus fastigii
Functions of Cerebellum
- Controls same side of body (ipsilateral)
- Co-ordinates voluntary movements for smooth, balanced, and accurate action
- Controls tone, posture, and equilibrium
- Cerebellar lesions give rise to hypotonia and disturbances of equilibrium
Cerebrum
- Constitutes largest part of brain
- Contains two hemispheres separated by the median cleft (longitudinal fissure)
- Hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum
- Each hemisphere contains an irregular cavity containing CSF (lateral ventricle)
- Composed of grey matter (cortex external) and white matter (internal)
Surfaces of Cerebrum
- Supero-lateral surface: divided into frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal parts by central, parieto-occipital, and lateral sulci
- Medial surface: divided into frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
- Inferior surface: divided into orbital part (olfactory sulcus, gyrus rectus, etc.) and a larger posterior part (collateral sulcus, occipito-temporal sulcus, etc.)
Functional Localization
- Cerebral cortex necessary for conscious awareness, thought, memory, and intellect
- Region to which all sensory modalities ascend and are consciously perceived and interpreted
- Highest level at which motor systems are represented, and actions are conceived and initiated
