Brain Anatomy: Cerebrum, Brainstem, Cerebellum

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the cerebellum is concerned with the regulation of fine movements of the body?

Paleocerebellum

Neocerebellum (correct)

Flocculonodular lobe

Archicerebellum

Which of the following is NOT a part of the inferiorly located parts of the vermis?

Uvula and Nodule

Pyramid

Simple Lobule (correct)

Tuber

What is the main function of the archicerebellum?

Control of fine movements of the body

Control of tone, posture, and crude movements of limbs (correct)

Regulation of voluntary movements

Processing of sensory information

How many pairs of nuclei are present in the grey matter of the cerebellum?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main connection of the paleocerebellum?

Spinocerebellar connections Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dysfunction in the neocerebellum?

Inco-ordination of movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Co-ordination of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the cerebellar hemispheres?

Superior semilunar Lobule Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical location of the cerebellum?

Occupies most of the posterior cranial fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the deep median notch that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Vallecula Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the white matter in the cerebrum?

Transmitting impulses to and from cortical nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the largest lobe of the cerebellum?

Middle lobe Signup and view all the answers

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fissure that separates the superior from the inferior surface of the cerebellum?

Horizontal fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the motor area in the cerebrum?

Frontal lobe, near the pre-central sulcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the irregular cavity containing CSF in each hemisphere?

Lateral ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that connects the cerebellum to the brain stem?

Cerebellar peduncles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Connecting the two hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oval swelling between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulcus?

Olive Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grooves or fissures that separate the convolutions (gyri) in the cerebrum?

Sulci Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes is each hemisphere of the cerebellum divided into?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fissure that separates the anterior lobe from the middle lobe on the superior surface?

Primary fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thickest part of the cortex?

Motor area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres?

Corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain?

Containing descending fibers that go to the cerebellum via the pons Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hollow cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain?

Connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the groove in the midline of the anterior surface of the pons?

Sulcus basilaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve emerging from the anterior surface of the pons?

Processing sensory information from the face Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that forms the border between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord?

Foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyramid elevation on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata?

Formed due to decussation of corticospinal fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anterior median fissure on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata?

Separating the two halves of the medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the medulla oblongata?

3cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex?

Facilitating conscious awareness and thought Signup and view all the answers

What separates the superior and inferior parietal lobules?

Intra-parietal sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the occipital lobe is bounded superiorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus and inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus?

Cuneus Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level at which motor systems are represented?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the region to which all sensory modalities ascend and are consciously perceived?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?

Corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the frontal lobe extends above the cingulate gyrus to the superior border?

Medial frontal gyrus Signup and view all the answers

How many poles does the cerebral cortex consist of?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Cerebellum

Located in the hindbrain, occupies most of the posterior cranial fossa
Separated from the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres by the tentorium cerebelli
Joined to the brain stem by three bilaterally paired cerebellar peduncles
Consists of two cerebellar hemispheres united by the median vermis
Has two surfaces: superior (convex) and inferior (concave)
Divided into three lobes: anterior, posterior (middle), and flocculonodular
Subdivided into numerous small parts by fissures, each fissure cutting the vermis and both hemispheres

Parts of the Vermis

Inferiorly: tuber, pyramid, uvula, and nodule

Subdivisions of Cerebellar Hemispheres

Superiorly: simple lobule, superior semilunar lobule, and inferior semilunar lobule
Inferiorly: quadrangular lobule, ala, biventral lobule, tonsil, and flocculus

Morphological and Functional Divisions

Archicerebellum: made up of flocculonodular lobe and lingula, controls axial musculature and bilateral movements
Paleocerebellum: made up of anterior lobe, pyramid, and uvula, controls tone, posture, and crude movements of limbs
Neocerebellum: made up of middle lobe (largest part of cerebellum) minus pyramid and uvula of inferior vermis, concerned with regulation of fine movements of body

Connections of Cerebellum

Fibers entering or leaving cerebellum grouped into three peduncles connecting to midbrain, pons, and medulla

Grey Matter of Cerebellum

Consists of cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei
4 pairs of nuclei: dentate, globose, emboliform, and nucleus fastigii

Functions of Cerebellum

Controls same side of body (ipsilateral)
Co-ordinates voluntary movements for smooth, balanced, and accurate action
Controls tone, posture, and equilibrium
Cerebellar lesions give rise to hypotonia and disturbances of equilibrium

Cerebrum

Constitutes largest part of brain
Contains two hemispheres separated by the median cleft (longitudinal fissure)
Hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum
Each hemisphere contains an irregular cavity containing CSF (lateral ventricle)
Composed of grey matter (cortex external) and white matter (internal)

Surfaces of Cerebrum

Supero-lateral surface: divided into frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal parts by central, parieto-occipital, and lateral sulci
Medial surface: divided into frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
Inferior surface: divided into orbital part (olfactory sulcus, gyrus rectus, etc.) and a larger posterior part (collateral sulcus, occipito-temporal sulcus, etc.)

Functional Localization

Cerebral cortex necessary for conscious awareness, thought, memory, and intellect
Region to which all sensory modalities ascend and are consciously perceived and interpreted
Highest level at which motor systems are represented, and actions are conceived and initiated

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Description

This quiz covers the different parts of the brain, including the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum, and their various structures and functions.