PSYC 1000 - Chapter 3 - Part 1
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PSYC 1000 - Chapter 3 - Part 1

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Questions and Answers

Which technique is known for measuring the electrical activity of brain cells directly?

  • MEG (correct)
  • PET scan
  • fMRI
  • MRI

    • What is the term for an area of damage in the brain?

  • Injury
  • Syndrome
  • Anomaly
  • Lesion (correct)

    • Which technique is similar to lesioning but has no harmful effects on the brain?

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • fMRI
  • CT scan
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (correct)

    • Which brain structure is responsible for essential life functions such as breathing and heart rate?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily associated with emotional responses and memory?

    <p>Limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is crucial for handling higher cognitive functions like planning?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the appearance of white matter in the brain?

    <p>Presence of myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone is unable to see following an injury, which part of the brain is most likely affected?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Darren's brain, where are the majority of language skills likely to be localized?

    <p>Left cerebral hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurons are responsible for what function in the nervous system?

    <p>Sending and receiving messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is likely damaged if a person has difficulty speaking?

    <p>Broca's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the corpus callosum do?

    <p>A bundle of nerves that connects the two halves of the cerebral cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of splitting the corpus callosum in patients?

    <p>Control epilepsy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept referring to the brain's ability to adapt after injury is known as:

    <p>Neuroplasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapy has been developed to encourage neuroplasticity in stroke patients with Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Practising singing words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method called that records electrical activity in the brain using small electrodes on the scalp?

    <p>An electroencephalogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to measure brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity?

    <p>EEG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique uses a radioactive glucose-like substance to analyze biochemical activity in the brain?

    <p>Positron emission tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major drawback associated with PET scans?

    <p>They take a long time to acquire data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method measures the spinning of hydrogen atoms in the brain using magnetic fields?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating vital functions like heartbeat and respiration?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is utilized for investigating brain regions by temporarily disrupting brain activity?

    <p>TMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating and drinking behaviors are primarily regulated by which brain structure?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily indicated in processing auditory information and language?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is similar to TMS, but relies on brain imaging to analyze brain activity?

    <p>fMRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of lateralization, which hemisphere of the brain is generally more involved with language processing?

    <p>Left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structure responsible for coordinating movement and balance is known as the:

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of brain cells are primarily responsible for facilitating the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function attributed to the nucleus accumbens in the brain?

    <p>Reward processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    <p>Connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The therapy that encourages neuroplasticity through singing words is primarily used for which of the following conditions?

    <p>Broca's aphasia in stroke patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of a PET scan regarding brain activity?

    <p>It does not indicate which regions are active during tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method that records brain wave patterns through electrodes placed on the scalp is known as what?

    <p>An electroencephalogram (EEG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging technique utilizes magnetic fields to provide detailed images of brain structures?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A therapeutic approach for stroke patients focuses on which of these for promoting brain adaptation?

    <p>Practicing singing words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of severing the corpus callosum in patients often studied in psychology?

    <p>Leads to split-brain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique uses a radioactive substance to visualize brain activity in real-time?

    <p>Positron emission tomography (PET).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an electroencephalogram (EEG) primarily measure?

    <p>Brain wave patterns due to electrical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation might a PET scan be deemed less effective?

    <p>When analyzing immediate cognitive responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Brain Damage and its Impact

    • Damage to Broca's area can lead to difficulty speaking.
    • The corpus callosum connects the two halves of the cerebral cortex.
    • Splitting the corpus callosum can help control epilepsy.
    • Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to adapt after an injury.
    • Practicing singing words can be a therapeutic approach for stroke patients with Broca's aphasia.
    • An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain.
    • Positron emission tomography (PET) uses a radioactive glucose-like substance to analyze biochemical activity in the brain.
    • A major drawback of PET scans is the time it takes to acquire data.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to measure hydrogen atom spinning in the brain.
    • Functional MRI (fMRI) measures blood flow within the brain.
    • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the electrical activity of brain cells directly.
    • A lesion is an area of damage in the brain.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can disrupt or stimulate brain activity, unlike other techniques.
    • The brain contains approximately 100 billion individual cells.
    • The medulla controls life-sustaining functions like breathing and heart rate.
    • Damage to the cerebellum can disrupt motor coordination.
    • The cerebellum is located in the hindbrain.
    • The midbrain is involved in reflexive movements.
    • Tourette's syndrome is believed to be caused by an imbalance in the basal ganglia.
    • The nucleus accumbens is associated with reward and pleasure.
    • The limbic system is involved in emotion and memory.
    • The amygdala plays a role in fear response.
    • The hypothalamus regulates essential functions like eating, drinking, and body temperature.
    • The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information.
    • The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions like reasoning and language.
    • The wrinkling of the cerebral cortex increases surface area without increasing brain size.
    • White matter in the brain appears white due to myelinated axons.
    • The frontal lobes are associated with planning and impulse control.
    • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement.
    • The parietal lobes are involved in touch and bodily awareness.
    • Damage to the parietal lobe can lead to a loss of touch sensation.
    • The occipital lobes are involved in vision.
    • Damage to the occipital lobe can cause blindness.
    • The temporal lobes are involved in hearing, language, and object recognition.
    • The right hemisphere specializes in visual skills and music processing.
    • The left hemisphere generally specializes in language and math.
    • Neurons are cells that send and receive information.

    Brain and Language

    • Damage to Broca's area causes difficulty speaking.
    • The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerves connecting the two halves of the cerebral cortex.
    • Splitting the corpus callosum is used to control epilepsy.

    Neuroplasticity

    • Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to adapt after injury.
    • Practicing singing words is a therapy for stroke patients with Broca's aphasia to encourage neuroplasticity.

    Brain Imaging Techniques

    • An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity.
    • A positron emission tomography (PET) scan measures biochemical activity in the brain using a radioactive glucose-like substance.
    • PET scans have a major drawback of taking a long time to acquire data.
    • A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Scan uses magnetic fields to measure the spinning of hydrogen atoms in the brain.
    • A functional MRI (fMRI) measures blood flow within the brain.
    • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the electrical activity of brain cells directly.
    • A lesion is an area of damage in the brain.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique to stimulate or disrupt brain activity.

    Brain Structures

    • The human brain has approximately 100 billion individual cells.
    • The medulla is a structure in the brainstem responsible for life-sustaining functions, such as breathing and heart rate.
    • Damage to the cerebellum disrupts motor coordination, such as playing basketball.
    • The cerebellum is located in the hindbrain.
    • The midbrain is involved in reflexes and movement, such as ducking to avoid being hit by a foul ball.
    • The basal ganglia is linked to Tourette's syndrome.
    • The nucleus accumbens is a brain region involved in reward and pleasure.
    • The limbic system is dedicated to emotion and memory, it includes the amygdala and the hippocampus.
    • The amygdala is responsible for fear responses.
    • The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions such as eating, drinking, sexual behavior, and body temperature control.
    • The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information.
    • Higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning and language, are located in the cerebral cortex.
    • The wrinkling of the cerebral cortex increases its surface area.
    • White matter regions of the brain appear white because they are composed of myelinated axons.

    Cerebral Cortex Lobes

    • The frontal lobes are associated with higher cognitive functions, such as planning and impulse control.
    • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement.
    • The parietal lobes are involved in touch and bodily awareness.
    • The somatosensory cortex receives sensory input from the body.
    • The occipital lobes are involved in vision.
    • The temporal lobes are involved in hearing, language, and object and face recognition.

    Hemispheric Specialization

    • The right hemisphere is generally more specialized for visual skills and music processing.
    • The left hemisphere is more specialized for language and math.

    Neurons

    • Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving messages throughout the body.
    • Neurons are cells that send and receive information.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the effects of brain damage, specifically focusing on areas such as Broca's area and the role of neuroplasticity in recovery. It also reviews diagnostic techniques like EEG, PET, and MRI that analyze brain activity and structure. Test your knowledge on how these elements interplay in the context of brain health and treatment.

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