Brain Cortex Structure and Functions

Brain Cortex Structure

• The brain cortex is the outer layer of the brain, comprising gray matter.
• The brain cortex is divided into different parts, each with its own function.

Brain Cortex Functions

• The brain cortex is responsible for processing complex information and performing various functions.
• It is the most complex part of the nervous system, responsible for controlling emotions, sensations, and movements.

Sensory and Motor Functions

• The brain cortex receives sensory information from the environment and body.
• It processes this information and sends signals to the body to respond accordingly.
• Examples of sensory functions include:
  • Vision: processing visual information from the eyes.
  • Touch: processing tactile information from the skin.
• Examples of motor functions include:
  • Movement: controlling muscle movements.
  • Balance: maintaining balance and coordination.

Hemispheres of the Brain

• The brain is divided into two hemispheres: left and right.
• Each hemisphere has its own functions and responsibilities.
• The left hemisphere is responsible for:
  • Language processing.
  • Logical reasoning.
• The right hemisphere is responsible for:
  • Spatial awareness.
  • Creativity.

Brain Cortex Divisions

• The brain cortex is divided into four main parts: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
• Each part has its own specific functions and responsibilities.
• The frontal lobe is responsible for:
  • Executive functions.
  • Decision-making.
• The parietal lobe is responsible for:
  • Processing sensory information.
  • Integrating sensory information.
• The temporal lobe is responsible for:
  • Processing auditory information.
  • Memory formation.
• The occipital lobe is responsible for:
  • Processing visual information.

Association and Primary Cortex

• The association cortex is responsible for integrating information from different senses.
• It is located in the parietal and temporal lobes.
• The primary cortex is responsible for processing basic sensory information.
• It is located in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Higher-Order Functions

• The brain cortex is responsible for higher-order functions such as:
  • Attention.
  • Emotions.
  • Consciousness.
• These functions are distributed across different parts of the brain cortex.

Language Processing

• Language processing is a complex function that involves multiple parts of the brain cortex.
• It is primarily located in the left hemisphere.
• The Broca's area and Wernicke's area are responsible for language processing.

Attention

• Attention is a complex function that involves multiple parts of the brain cortex.
• It is responsible for focusing on specific stimuli and filtering out irrelevant information.
• The frontal and parietal lobes are responsible for attention.

Conclusion

• The brain cortex is a complex and dynamic system that is responsible for many functions.
• Understanding the structure and functions of the brain cortex is essential for understanding human behavior and cognition.

Brain Cortex Structure

• Comprises gray matter and is the outer layer of the brain.
• Divided into different parts, each with its own function.

Brain Cortex Functions

• Responsible for processing complex information and performing various functions.
• Most complex part of the nervous system, controlling emotions, sensations, and movements.

Sensory and Motor Functions

• Receives sensory information from the environment and body.
• Processes sensory information and sends signals to the body to respond accordingly.
• Examples of sensory functions include:
  • Vision: processing visual information from the eyes.
  • Touch: processing tactile information from the skin.
• Examples of motor functions include:
  • Movement: controlling muscle movements.
  • Balance: maintaining balance and coordination.

Hemispheres of the Brain

• Divided into two hemispheres: left and right.
• Each hemisphere has its own functions and responsibilities.
• Left hemisphere:
  • Language processing.
  • Logical reasoning.
• Right hemisphere:
  • Spatial awareness.
  • Creativity.

Brain Cortex Divisions

• Divided into four main parts: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
• Each part has its own specific functions and responsibilities.
• Frontal lobe:
  • Executive functions.
  • Decision-making.
• Parietal lobe:
  • Processing sensory information.
  • Integrating sensory information.
• Temporal lobe:
  • Processing auditory information.
  • Memory formation.
• Occipital lobe:
  • Processing visual information.

Association and Primary Cortex

• Association cortex:
  • Integrates information from different senses.
  • Located in the parietal and temporal lobes.
• Primary cortex:
  • Processes basic sensory information.
  • Located in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Higher-Order Functions

• Responsible for higher-order functions such as:
  • Attention.
  • Emotions.
  • Consciousness.
• These functions are distributed across different parts of the brain cortex.

Language Processing

• Complex function that involves multiple parts of the brain cortex.
• Primarily located in the left hemisphere.
• Broca's area and Wernicke's area are responsible for language processing.

Attention

• Complex function that involves multiple parts of the brain cortex.
• Responsible for focusing on specific stimuli and filtering out irrelevant information.
• Frontal and parietal lobes are responsible for attention.

Cerebral Cortex Overview

• Gray matter layer on the cerebrum's surface with ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) and larger grooves called fissures.

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

• Four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, each named after the bone of the skull above it.

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

• Responsible for complex information processing and nervous system functions, including sensory and motor functions.
• Processes visual information, with each side of the body's information primarily processed in the opposite side's occipital lobe.
• Processes somatosensory information, with each side of the body's information primarily processed in the opposite side's areas of cerebral cortex.
• Controls motor information, with each side of the body's information primarily controlled by the opposite side's areas of cerebral cortex.

Types of Cerebral Cortex

• Primary cortex performs basic motor or sensory functions.
• Association cortex integrates information for complex processing and functions, including planning, cognition, emotion, and consciousness.

Language and Attention

• Language function typically located in the left hemisphere, but some people have bilateral or right-sided language functions.
• Attention function involves both hemispheres, with the right hemisphere paying attention to both sides of the body and environment.

Cerebral Cortex Overview

• Gray matter layer on the cerebrum's surface with ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) and larger grooves called fissures.

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

• Four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, each named after the bone of the skull above it.

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

• Responsible for complex information processing and nervous system functions, including sensory and motor functions.
• Processes visual information, with each side of the body's information primarily processed in the opposite side's occipital lobe.
• Processes somatosensory information, with each side of the body's information primarily processed in the opposite side's areas of cerebral cortex.
• Controls motor information, with each side of the body's information primarily controlled by the opposite side's areas of cerebral cortex.

Types of Cerebral Cortex

• Primary cortex performs basic motor or sensory functions.
• Association cortex integrates information for complex processing and functions, including planning, cognition, emotion, and consciousness.

Language and Attention

• Language function typically located in the left hemisphere, but some people have bilateral or right-sided language functions.
• Attention function involves both hemispheres, with the right hemisphere paying attention to both sides of the body and environment.