BPMN 1013 Principles of Management Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for dividing an organization's work among its employees while applying motivational theories to enhance satisfaction and performance?

  • Simplification
  • Design (correct)
  • Enlargement
  • Development
  • Which psychological term refers to the processes that trigger and guide goal-directed behavior?

  • Productivity
  • Self-determination
  • Reinforcement
  • Motivation (correct)
  • Content perspectives in psychology include all of the following EXCEPT:

  • McClelland's acquired needs theory
  • Equity theory (correct)
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
  • Herzberg's two-factor theory
  • Which level of control is Henry exercising as he reviews Mega Company's five-year plan?

    <p>Strategic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes human capital?

    <p>The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge and actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of management that ensures tasks are completed effectively and efficiently?

    <p>Controlling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When line managers monitor employee efficiency by counting produced items, this is an example of what type of control?

    <p>Output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The legitimating tactic refers to:

    <p>Basing requests on authority, organizational rules, or implied superior support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an external force for organizational change?

    <p>Social and political pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the effort to gain an advantage through quality and service improvements?

    <p>Total quality management (TQM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Believing you control your own destiny reflects which psychological concept?

    <p>Internal locus of control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to enhance variety and motivation?

    <p>Enlargement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control process involves monitoring product quality through statistical methods?

    <p>Statistical process control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes continuous improvement in an organization?

    <p>Ongoing small, incremental enhancements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term used in management refers to the capability to motivate employees towards organizational goals?

    <p>Leadership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of power is described as having the authority to oversee subordinates within an organization?

    <p>Legitimate power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary management function focuses on ensuring proper timing and execution of tasks?

    <p>Controlling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of operational oversight, what type of control focuses on daily activities and immediate corrective actions?

    <p>Operational control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered an internal indicator that organizational change is necessary?

    <p>Increased competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rites and rituals in an organization can best be defined as what?

    <p>Important activities and ceremonies celebrating organizational milestones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as the process of attracting suitable job applicants within an organization?

    <p>Recruiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept defined as a vertical hierarchy within an organization?

    <p>A chain of command (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of increasing task variety within a job to enhance motivation?

    <p>Enrichment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair represents the two types of spans of control in organizational structures?

    <p>Narrow and wide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is Mr. John implementing to eliminate defects in employee performance?

    <p>Quality assurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decision method does Mei Mei use to ensure all options are explored upfront?

    <p>Dialectic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sofia's role in analyzing market opportunities primarily involves what process?

    <p>Decision making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator that a group is experiencing groupthink?

    <p>Pressure to conform to majority views (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lisa's decision to select Golden's product due to time constraints illustrates which type of decision-making?

    <p>Satisficing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Go Clean's self-contained regional offices exemplify which organizational structure?

    <p>Geographic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about Julia's company's organizational culture due to its decentralized authority?

    <p>It enhances employee empowerment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In decision-making processes, which method emphasizes the discussion of alternative viewpoints?

    <p>Devil's advocate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes hiring or promotion decisions made for reasons irrelevant to the job?

    <p>Discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should human resource managers consider to effectively staff an organization for future needs?

    <p>Understanding the organization's vision and strategy to hire personnel to support them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The creation of a machine for making plastic corks represents which type of advancement?

    <p>Technological advancement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is illustrated by retailers like Amazon offering a wide variety of products without physical constraints?

    <p>The marketplace becoming more segmented and moving toward niche products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a supervisor observes an employee struggling and suggests improvements, what step of the control process is being utilized?

    <p>Taking corrective action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management practice is being employed when teams in a company can develop their plans and monitor their areas to reduce mistakes?

    <p>Continuous improvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allowing decision-making at lower levels and encouraging teamwork exemplifies which management strategy?

    <p>Decentralizing decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of managers implementing a quality control plan to minimize production mistakes?

    <p>Empowering teams to self-monitor and reduce errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you characterize the upward communication from Amy regarding her new idea to management?

    <p>Lacking trust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leadership style is Siti applying if she effectively manages a group of assistants by creating procedures and conducting performance appraisals?

    <p>Task-oriented leadership style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes Mikael's feelings of limitation due to resource constraints and tight deadlines?

    <p>Bounded rationality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is Hanisah's approach to reorganize the company by centralizing functions a sound decision?

    <p>No, fewer employees will lead to slower operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change did Diana, the owner of Bintang Permata Nursery, decide to implement regarding operational hours?

    <p>Changing from 6 a.m to 5 p.m to 7 a.m to 6 p.m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the supervision style of Mimi, who isolates herself from her team?

    <p>Laissez-faire leadership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is most likely compromised due to Mimi's detached communication style?

    <p>Innovation and idea sharing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of leadership, what is a potential downside of Siti's task-oriented approach?

    <p>Employee disengagement due to lack of relationship-building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Job Design

    The division of an organization's work among employees, applying motivational theories to increase satisfaction and performance.

    Motivation

    The set of psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior.

    Internal Locus of Control

    The belief that one controls their own destiny.

    Emotional Stability

    The extent to which people feel secure and unworried.

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    Job Enlargement

    Increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation.

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    Human Resource Inventory

    A report listing an organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important information.

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    Performance Appraisal

    Assessing performance and providing feedback.

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    Legitimating Tactic

    Refers to the use of authority, organizational rules or policies, or explicit/implied support from superiors to influence others.

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    Human Capital

    The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge and skills. It's the value employees bring to the organization.

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    Controlling

    The primary function of management focused on ensuring tasks are completed correctly, efficiently, and on time.

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    Total Quality Management (TQM)

    A management approach focused on customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and employee empowerment to achieve excellence.

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    Lean Six Sigma

    A framework for improvement that combines Six Sigma techniques with Lean principles to eliminate waste and enhance efficiency.

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    Operational Control

    A control technique focused on analyzing and managing daily operations to ensure goals are met and corrective actions are taken if needed.

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    Continuous Improvement

    The process of constantly making small, incremental improvements in all aspects of an organization to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness.

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    Leadership

    The ability to inspire and guide employees to willingly work towards organizational goals.

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    Legitimate Power

    The power derived from one's formal position within an organization, allowing them to oversee subordinates.

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    Controlling (Management Function)

    This function involves ensuring that the right things happen at the right time in the right way, ensuring efficiency and alignment with goals.

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    Rites and Rituals

    These are events or activities that celebrate important happenings within an organization, creating a sense of shared experience and collective memory.

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    Simulation Training

    This type of training creates a realistic but controlled environment to prepare individuals for complex and high-stakes tasks by simulating real-world situations.

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    Recruiting

    This process involves actively searching for and attracting potential candidates who are qualified for open positions within an organization.

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    Chain of Command

    This is a representation of the hierarchical structure of an organization, illustrating the lines of authority and reporting relationships.

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    Span of Control

    These refer to the different structures of organizational hierarchy. A flat organizational structure is decentralized and has a wide span of control, while a tall structure is centralized and a narrow span of control.

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    Lacking trust in upward communication

    A situation where someone is hesitant to communicate upward because they don't trust their supervisor.

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    Task-Oriented Leadership

    A leadership style where a leader prioritizes tasks, clear procedures, and structure. Think of a leader who values efficiency and getting things done.

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    Satisficing in Decision-Making

    A decision-making approach where someone chooses the first satisfactory option rather than searching for the optimal solution due to constraints.

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    Bounded Rationality

    The idea that individuals are limited in their decision-making abilities by factors like time, cognitive capacity, and information access. They often make decisions based on incomplete information and heuristics.

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    Centralizing Critical Functions

    Centralizing functions like HR, finance, and purchasing into a single location to improve efficiency and consistency across multiple locations.

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    Upward Communication

    This describes the communication flow within an organization, where information travels from lower levels (employees) to higher levels (management).

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    What is quality assurance?

    A systematic approach to minimize defects and errors in employee performance by identifying and addressing root causes.

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    Contingency Model of Leadership

    The idea that the most effective leadership style will depend on the specific situation, including the leader's personality, the followers' characteristics, and the nature of the task. Think of adapting your leadership style to the context.

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    Rich Medium of Communication

    A communication medium where direct communication is possible, allowing for rich nonverbal cues and immediate feedback. Think of face-to-face interactions or video conferencing.

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    What is the dialectic decision method?

    A decision-making method where team members actively present opposing viewpoints to challenge assumptions and ensure thorough consideration of all options, leading to a more robust decision.

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    What is decision making?

    The process of gathering information, analyzing data, identifying opportunities and threats, and setting organizational goals and action plans for the future.

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    What is groupthink?

    A phenomenon where a group prioritizes harmony and conformity over critical thinking, leading to poor decision-making and potentially disastrous outcomes.

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    What is satisficing?

    A decision-making strategy where individuals choose the first satisfactory option that meets their basic requirements, rather than searching for the optimal solution.

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    What is a geographic organizational structure?

    A type of organizational structure that groups activities and departments based on geographical locations, catering to regional needs and differences.

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    What is a centralized organizational structure?

    A type of organizational structure where authority and decision-making are concentrated at higher levels in the hierarchy, leaving limited autonomy to lower levels.

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    What is a decentralized organizational structure?

    A type of organizational structure where power and decision-making are distributed to lower levels within the organization, fostering empowerment and flexibility.

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    Discrimination in Hiring

    Hiring or promotion decisions are based on factors unrelated to the job, such as race, gender, religion, or disability.

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    Staffing Plans Align with Strategy

    Human resource managers should align their staffing plans with the organization's overall goals and strategies to ensure they have the right people in the right roles.

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    Technological Advancement

    A significant change or advancement in technology that can disrupt existing industries or create new markets.

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    Market Segmentation and Niche Products

    The trend of markets becoming more specialized, with businesses focusing on specific niches and catering to individual consumer preferences.

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    Measuring Performance

    The step in the control process where a manager observes or measures actual performance against pre-set standards.

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    Lean Management

    A continuous improvement approach that emphasizes identifying and eliminating waste and inefficiencies in production processes.

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    Decentralized Decision-Making

    Management control method that involves giving decision-making authority to lower levels of the organization, empowering employees to act independently and make decisions within their areas of responsibility.

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    Taking Corrective Action

    The process of identifying, analyzing, and addressing any deviations from performance standards. This includes corrective actions to ensure goals are met.

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    Study Notes

    Examination Information

    • Course Code/Name: BPMN 1013 / Principles of Management
    • Date: 15 August 2023 (Tuesday)
    • Time: 02:30 PM - 5:00 PM (2½ hours)
    • Venue: DWN BKACHI, DTSO, INASIS TM
    • Instructions:
      • The exam paper contains 100 questions in 19 pages (excluding the cover page).
      • Answer all questions on the OMR paper.
      • Shade your answers on the OMR paper.
      • Candidates are not allowed to take both exam papers (questions and OMR) out of the examination hall.
      • Candidates are bound by UUM's rules and procedures on academic fraud.

    Examination Questions (page 2)

    • Component of Attitudes: Affective, cognitive, and behavioural.
    • Personality: Stable psychological traits and behavioural attributes defining a person's identity.
    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization (lowest to highest).
    • Self-Determination Theory: Involves the innate needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
    • Organizational Process Perspectives: Theories that seek to understand the thought processes behind people's actions.

    Examination Questions (page 3)

    • Expectancy Theory: People choose the option with the highest reward if they believe they can achieve it.
    • Job Design: Applying motivational theories to jobs to boost satisfaction and performance.
    • Psychological Processes: The set of processes that instigate and direct goal-oriented behaviour (e.g., self-determination)
    • Content Perspectives/Need-Based Perspectives: Theories about an individual's motivations, e.g., Herzberg's two-factor theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory.
    • Levels of Control: Operational, tactical, and strategic.

    Examination Questions (page 4)

    • Legitimating Tactic: Basing a request on authority, organizational rules, or policies.
    • Locus of Control: The extent to which people feel secure and unworried.
    • Job Enrichments: The process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to improve variety and motivation
    • Performance Appraisal: The process of assessing and providing feedback on job performance.

    Examination Questions (page 5)

    • Forces for Change (Outside Organization): Social and political pressures
    • Management's Primary Function: Ensuring the right things happen at the right time (Planning.)
    • Self-Efficacy: The belief that one can succeed.
    • Customer Focus/Total Quality Management (TQM): A management approach characterized by customer focus, employee training, and continuous quality improvement.
    • Controls: Techniques used to monitor employee performance (e.g. output-based control).

    Examination Questions (page 6)

    • Continuous Improvement: The process of making small, incremental improvements.
    • Leadership: The ability to motivate employees towards achieving organizational goals
    • Power sources: Reward, legitimate, coercive, informational
    • Control Techniques: Lean Six Sigma, statistical process controls, artificial intelligence, reduced cycle time.

    Examination Questions (page 7)

    • Organizational Change Forces: Rites, rituals, and routines.
    • Control Training: Simulations to mimic actual situations in a controlled setting.
    • Organization Structure (Vertical Hierarchy): Upward graph, x-y chart, chain of command, or network structure.
    • Human resource process: Job posting, recruiting, hiring, job selection.

    Examination Questions (page 8)

    • Job variety and motivation: The process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation.
    • Span of Control: The number of subordinates a manager directly supervises (e.g., Narrow or Wide, Tall or Short).
    • Strategic Human Resource Management Process: Recruiting, selecting appropriate personnel, establishing employment contracts, planning human resources.

    Examination Questions (page 9)

    • Proactive Change: Implementing changes before problems occur.
    • Control Processes: Statistical process control
    • Managing Employees: Empowering employees by delegating decision-making to lower levels
    • Management Techniques: e.g. quality assurance, constancy of purpose, restructuring.

    Examination Questions (page 10)

    • Groupthink: A phenomenon where group members prioritize maintaining harmony over critical evaluation of ideas or options
    • Supervisors: The review of sales data, market opportunities, and threats to determine strategies.
    • Decision Making: (e.g., programmed, non-rational, rational)
    • Organizational structures: (e.g., geographic, product, functional, market)

    Examination Questions (page 11)

    • Decentralization: Lower-level managers and non-managerial staff having decision-making power.
    • Media Selection Examples: E-mail, face-to-face meetings, written notes, or announcements.
    • Organizational Culture: Describing characteristics of a company's environment.
    • Management Principles: TQMs core principles (e.g., employee commitment, customer satisfaction).

    Examination Questions (page 12)

    • Control Levels: Strategic, operational, and tactical.
    • Communication: Effective communication techniques.
    • Performance appraisal systems: MBO, 360-degree, BARS, results-driven.

    Examination Questions (page 13)

    • Change Management: Proactive and reactive, disruptive.
    • Organizational Development: Interventions to improve the organization by incorporating goal setting, training, and job design.
    • Leadership styles: e.g., transformational leadership, task-oriented leadership.
    • Bound Rationality: A theoretical principle reflecting the limitations of human rationality in decision-making.

    Examination Questions (page 14)

    • Types of change: proactive, reactive, disruptive.
    • Organizational Change: Internal and external drivers of change.
    • Lewin's Change Model: Unfreezing - Changing - Refreezing.

    Examination Questions (page 15)

    • Organizational Change Forces: Internal (managers/employees) and external (increased competition) drivers and consequences.
    • Decision Styles: Analytical, Conceptual, Behavioural, Directive
    • Organizational Structure Types: Matrix (employees report to multiple supervisors) and others, e.g., hierarchy.
    • Leadership Focus: The type of communication and impact/evaluation of decisions.

    Examination Questions (page 16)

    • Decision-making: various types include non-rational, rational, MBOs.
    • Influence Tactics: exchange tactics for example.
    • Motivation factors: A category of factors that satisfy the need of achievement, esteem, or recognition.
    • Hygiene factors: These are not motivational factors but when not met, they lead to job dissatisfaction.

    Examination Questions (page 17)

    • Control types: Feedforward, concurrent, evaluation.
    • Supply Chain Control: Ensuring compliance with performance standards.
    • Staffing Changes: Changes that are made to improve job performance or ensure efficiency.
    • Types of tasks: Autonomy, significance, skill variety, and task identity.

    Examination Questions (page 18)

    • Marketing Strategies: Advertising, posters, social media, face-to-face.
    • Employee Motivation: Strategies to boost self-esteem amongst personnel.
    • Communication Techniques: Crucial elements of any communication, like encoding, decoding, and the communication medium.
    • Leadership: Transformational, supportive, task-oriented.

    Examination Questions (page 19)

    • Reorganization: Is it cost-effective for organizational efficiency ?
    • Sensitivity in Decision Making: Considering the impact of a change on employees and stakeholders.
    • Types of Power: e.g., reward power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power.
    • Communication Barriers: Sender, encoding, feedback, decoding.

    Examination Questions (page 20)

    • Reward Systems: How they can be changed to favour teams.
    • Goal Setting Principles: The principles for setting effective organizational goals.
    • Job Design: Aspects like autonomy, task significance, skill variety, and task identity.

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    Description

    Prepare for the BPMN 1013 Principles of Management exam with this comprehensive quiz. Covering key topics such as components of attitudes, personality traits, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Self-Determination Theory, this quiz will help solidify your understanding before the test. Test your knowledge and get ready to ace the exam!

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